Survey of Plasmodium in the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) living in urban Atlantic forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Communicating the presence of potential zoonotic pathogens such as Plasmodium spp. in wild animals is important for developing both animal and human health policies. Elizabeth Helen Aitken, Marina Galvão Bueno, Luana dos Santos Ortolan, José M. Alvaréz, Alcides Pissinatti, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-Dias and Sabrina Epiphanio Malaria Jour 2016

Novel molecular diagnostic tools for malaria elimination: a review of options from the point of view of high-throughput and applicability in resource limited settings

As malaria transmission continues to decrease, an increasing number of countries will enter pre-elimination and elimination. To interrupt transmission, changes in control strategies are likely to require more ... Sumudu Britton, Qin Cheng and James S. McCarthy Malaria Jour 2016

Positive deviance as a novel tool in malaria control and elimination: methodology, qualitative assessment and future potential

Positive deviance (PD) is an asset-based, community-driven approach to behaviour change that has successfully been applied to address many health and social problems. It is yet to have been assessed for malari... Muhammad Shafique, Hannah M. Edwards, Celine Zegers De Beyl, Bou Kheng Thavrin, Myo Min and Arantxa Roca-Feltrer Malaria Journal 2016 15:91

Population pharmacokinetic properties of artemisinin in healthy male Vietnamese volunteers

ACTs is recommended as first-line anti-malarial treatment worldwide. A combination of artemisinin with the long acting drug piperaquine has shown high efficacy and tolerabilit... Sofia Birgersson, Pham Van Toi, Nguyen Thanh Truong, Nguyen Thi Dung, Michael Ashton, Tran Tinh Hien, Angela Abelö and Joel Tarning Malaria Journal 2016 15:90

Synergistic anti-malarial action of cryptolepine and artemisinins

Cryptolepine (CPE) is the major indoloquinoline isolated from the popular West African anti-malarial plant, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. CPE possesses various pharmacological activities with potent anti-malarial ac... Arnold D. Forkuo, Charles Ansah, Kwesi M. Boadu, Johnson N. Boampong, Elvis O. Ameyaw, Ben A. Gyan, Andrea T. Arku and Michael F. Ofori Malaria Journal 2016 15:89

Timing of malaria in pregnancy and impact o­n infant growth and morbidity: a cohort study in Uganda

Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a major cause of fetal growth restriction and low birth weight in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding of the impact of MiP o­n infant growth and infant risk of malar... Pierre De Beaudrap, Eleanor Turyakira, Carolyn Nabasumba, Benon Tumwebaze, Patrice Piola, Yap Boum II and Rose McGready Malaria Journal 2016 15:92

Identification of blood meal sources in the main African malaria mosquito vector by MALDI-TOF MS

The identification of blood meal sources in malaria vectors is critical to better understanding host/vector interactions and malaria epidemiology and control. Currently, the identification of mosquito blood me... Sirama Niare, Jean-Michel Berenger, Constentin Dieme, Ogobara Doumbo, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola and Lionel Almeras Malaria Journal 2016

Fake anti-malarials: start with the facts

This meeting report presents the key findings and discussion points of a 1-day meeting entitled ‘Fake anti-malarials: start with the facts’ held o­n 28th May 2015, in Geneva, Switzerland, to disseminate the fin... Harparkash Kaur, Siȃn Clarke, Mirza Lalani, Souly Phanouvong, Philippe Guérin, Andrew McLoughlin, Benjamin K. Wilson, Michael Deats, Aline Plançon, Heidi Hopkins, Debora Miranda and David Schellenberg Malaria Journal 2016

Malaria, a parasite vector-borne disease, is o­ne of the biggest health threats in tropical regions, despite the availability of malaria chemoprophylaxis. The emergence and rapid extension of P.falciparumTiphaine Gaillard, Jérôme Dormoi, Marylin Madamet and Bruno Pradines Malaria Journal 2016 15:85

Effectiveness of malaria control interventions in Madagascar: a nationwide case–control survey

Madagascar, as other malaria endemic countries, depends mainly o­n international funding for the implementation of malaria control interventions (MCI). As these funds no longer increase, policy makers need to k... Thomas Kesteman, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Vaomalala Raharimanga, Laurence Randrianasolo, Patrice Piola and Christophe Rogier Malaria Journal 2016 15:83

Cost-effectiveness analysis of rapid diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon

The use of primaquine (PQ) for radical treatment of P.vivax in carriers of G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) constitutes the main factor associated with severe haemolysis in G6PDd. The current study aimed to estim... Henry M. Peixoto, Marcelo A. M. Brito, Gustavo A. S. Romero, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Marcus V. G. de Lacerda and Maria R. F. de Oliveira Malaria Journal 2016 15:82

Malaria in children of Tshimbulu (Western Kasai, Democratic Republic of the Congo): epidemiological data and accuracy of diagnostic assays applied in a limited resource setting

The literature data o­n malaria in Western Kasai, DRC, are limited and inadequate. A recent molecular survey there has detected Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae as mixed infections with Plasmodium falcipar... Simona Gabrielli, Livia Bellina, Giovanni Luigi Milardi, Boniface Kabasele Katende, Valentina Totino, Valerio Fullin and Gabriella Cancrini Malaria Journal 2016 15:81

Spatial heterogeneity of malaria in Ghana: a cross-sectional study o­n the association between urbanicity and the acquisition of immunity

Malaria incidence has declined considerably over the last decade. This is partly due to a scale-up of control measures but is also attributed to increasing urbanization. This study aimed to analyse the associa... Clemens Frank, Ralf Krumkamp, Nimako Sarpong, Peter Sothmann, Julius N Fobil, Geoffrey Foli, Anna Jaeger, Lutz Ehlkes, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Florian Marks, Ralf R. Schumann, Jürgen May and Benno Kreuels Malaria Journal 2016 15:84

Genetic diversity among Plasmodium vivax isolates along the Thai–Myanmar border of Thailand

Knowledge of the population genetics and transmission dynamics of P.vivax is crucial in predicting the emergence of drug resistance, relapse pattern and novel parasite phenotypes, all of which are releva... Sarunya Maneerattanasak, Panita Gosi, Srivicha Krudsood, Jarinee Tongshoob, Charlotte A. Lanteri, Georges Snounou and Srisin Khusmith Malaria Journal 2016

Widespread distribution of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Mauritania o­n the interface of the Maghreb and West Africa

Plasmodium vivax is very rarely seen in West Africa, although specific detection methods are not widely applied in the region, and it is now considered to be absent from North Africa. ...

Hampâté Ba, Craig W. Duffy, Ambroise D. Ahouidi, Yacine Boubou Deh, Mamadou Yero Diallo, Abderahmane Tandia and David J. Conway Malaria Journal 2016 15:80

Longitudinal household surveillance for malaria in Rakai, Uganda

HIV and malaria exert co-pathogenic effects. Malaria surveillance data are necessary for public health strategies to reduce the burden of disease in high HIV prevalence settings. Kevin Newell, Valerian Kiggundu, Joseph Ouma, Enos Baghendage, Noah Kiwanuka, Ronald Gray, David Serwadda, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Sara A. Healy, Thomas C. Quinn and Steven J. Reynolds Malaria Journal 2016 15:77

Estimating malaria transmission intensity from Plasmodium falciparum serological data using antibody density models

Serological data are increasingly being used to monitor malaria transmission intensity and have been demonstrated to be particularly useful in areas of low transmission where traditional measures such as EIR a... Emilie Pothin, Neil M. Ferguson, Chris J. Drakeley and Azra C. Ghani Malaria Journal 2016 15:79

Evolution of the levels of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in Beninese infant during the first year of life in a malaria endemic area: using latent class analysis

HLA-G, a non-classical HLA class I antigen, is of crucial interest during pregnancy by inhibiting maternal immune response. Its role during infections is discussed, and it has been described that high levels o... Tania C. d’Almeida, Ibrahim Sadissou, Gilles Cottrell, Rachida Tahar, Philippe Moreau, Benoit Favier, Kabirou Moutairou, Eduardo A. Donadi, Achille Massougbodji, Nathalie Rouass-Freiss, David Courtin and André Garcia Malaria Journal 2016

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands

Blood-meal sources of malaria vectors affect their capacity to transmit the disease. Most efficient malaria vectors prefer human hosts. However, with increasing personal protection measures it becomes more dif... Bryson A. Ndenga, Nicholas L. Mulaya, Sandra K. Musaki, Joan N. Shiroko, Stefan Dongus and Ulrike Fillinger Malaria Journal 2016 15:76

Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in Angola

Facing chloroquine drug resistance, Angola promptly adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line to treat malaria. Currently, the country aims to consolidate malaria control, while preparing... Cláudia Fançony, Miguel Brito and Jose Pedro Gil Malaria Journal 2016 15:74

Economic costs of fever to households in the middle belt of Ghana

Malaria is o­ne of the main health problems in the sub-Saharan Africa accounting for approximately 198 million morbidity and close to 600,000 mortality cases. Households incur out-of-pocket expenditure for trea... Theresa Tawiah, Kwaku Poku Asante, Rebecca Akua Dwommoh, Anthony Kwarteng, Stephaney Gyaase, Emmanuel Mahama, Livesy Abokyi, Seeba Amenga-Etego, Kristian Hansen, Patricia Akweongo and Seth Owusu-Agyei Malaria Jour 2016

Consistent prevalence of asymptomatic infections in malaria endemic populations in Colombia over time

Malaria control programmes rely o­n confirmation of parasite presence in patients’ blood prior to treatment administration. Plasmodium parasites are detected mostly by microscopy or rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Al... Juan M. Vásquez-Jiménez, Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Juliana Henao-Giraldo, Karen Molina-Gómez, María Arce-Plata, Andrés F. Vallejo and Sócrates Herrera Malaria Journal 2016 15:70

Large-scale Anopheles arabiensis egg quantification methods for mass-rearing operations

The success of the sterile insect technique relies, among other things, o­n the continuous release of over flooding numbers of sexually competitive sterile males into the target area. To produce sufficiently la... Hamidou Maïga, David Damiens, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Roch K. Dabiré, Georges A. Ouédraogo, Rosemary S. Lees and Jeremie R. L. Gilles Malaria Journal 2016 15:72

Malaria, helminths, co-infection and anaemia in a cohort of children from Mutengene, south western Cameroon

Malaria and helminthiases frequently co-infect the same individuals in endemic zones. Plasmodium falciparum and helminth infections have long been recognized as major contributors to anaemia in endemic countries.... Clarisse Njua-Yafi, Eric A. Achidi, Judith K. Anchang-Kimbi, Tobias O. Apinjoh, Regina N. Mugri, Hanesh F. Chi, Rolland B. Tata, Charles Njumkeng, Emmanuel N. Nkock and Theresa Nkuo-Akenji Malaria Journal 2016 15:69

Community perceptions of mass screening and treatment for malaria in Siaya County, western Kenya

Intermittent mass screening and treatment (iMSaT) is currently being evaluated as a possible additional tool for malaria control and prevention in western Kenya. The literature identifying success and/or barri... Kathryn Shuford, Florence Were, Norbert Awino, Aaron Samuels, Peter Ouma, Simon Kariuki, Meghna Desai and Denise Roth Allen Malaria Jour 2016

Changes in lipid composition during sexual development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

The development of differentiated sexual stages (gametocytes) within human red blood cells is essential for the propagation of the malaria parasite, since o­nly mature gametocytes will survive in the mosquito’s... Phuong N. Tran, Simon H. J. Brown, Melanie Rug, Melanie C. Ridgway, Todd W. Mitchell and Alexander G. Maier Malaria Journal 2016 15:73

What is the value of reactive case detection in malaria control? A case-study in India and a systematic review

Reactive case detection (RCD) for malaria is a strategy to identify additional malaria infections in areas of low malaria transmission and can complement passive surveillance. This study describes experiences ... Anna Maria van Eijk, Lalitha Ramanathapuram, Patrick L. Sutton, Deena Kanagaraj, G. Sri Lakshmi Priya, Sangamithra Ravishankaran, Aswin Asokan, Nikunj Tandel, Ankita Patel, Nisha Desai, Ranvir Singh, Steven A. Sullivan, Jane M. Carlton, H. C. Srivastava and Alex Eapen Malaria Journal 2016 15:67

Genetic diversity and natural selection in the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) of recent Plasmodium knowlesi clinical isolates from Malaysia

The Plasmodium rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) plays a role in the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole following the parasite’s invasion of red blood cells. Although there is some evidence that the prot... Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa, Mun-Yik Fong and Yee-Ling Lau Malaria Journal 2016 15:62

Acquired immune responses to three malaria vaccine candidates and their relationship to invasion inhibition in two populations naturally exposed to malaria

Malaria still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality predominantly in several developing countries, and remains a priority in many public health programmes. Despite the enormous gains made in cont... Otchere Addai-Mensah, Melanie Seidel, Nafiu Amidu, Dominika J. Maskus, Stephanie Kapelski, Gudrun Breuer, Carmen Franken, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Margaret Frempong, Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy, Helga Schinkel, Andreas Reimann, Torsten Klockenbring, Stefan Barth, Rainer Fischer and Rolf Fendel Malaria Journal 2016 15:65

Malaria in pregnancy: a passive surveillance study of pregnant women in low transmission areas of Colombia, Latin America

Malaria causes a significant burden in highly endemic areas where children and pregnant women are more susceptible to severe disease and death, however, in low transmission settings malaria in pregnant women i... Mary Lopez-Perez, M. Andreína Pacheco, Lucía Buriticá, Ananias A. Escalante, Sócrates Herrera and Myriam Arévalo-Herrera Malaria Journal 2016

The complexities of simple technologies: re-imagining the role of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria control efforts

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are assumed to be simple-to-use and mobile technologies that have the capacity to standardize parasitological diagnosis for malaria across a variety of clinical settings. ...Uli Beisel, René Umlauf, Eleanor Hutchinson and Clare I. R. Chandler Malaria Journal 2016 15:64

Mutations of pvdhfr and pvdhps genes in vivax endemic-malaria areas in Kota Marudu and Kalabakan, Sabah

Malaria cases persist in some remote areas in Sabah and Sarawak despite the o­ngoing and largely successful malaria control programme conducted by the Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry Of Health,...Umi Rubiah Sastu, Noor Rain Abdullah, Nor Azrina Norahmad, Muhammad Nor Farhan Saat, Prem Kumar Muniandy, Jenarun Jelip, Moizin Tikuson, Norsalleh Yusof and Hasidah Mohd Sidek Malaria Journal 2016 15:63

Partitioning the contributions of alternative malaria vector species

In many locations malaria is transmitted by more than o­ne vector species. Some vector control interventions, in particular those using genetic approaches, are likely to be targeted against a single species or ... Anne Deredec, Samantha M. O’Loughlin, Tin-Yu J. Hui and Austin Burt Malaria Journal 2016 15:60

Application of mosquito repellent coils and associated self-reported health issues in Ghana

The use of mosquito coils has gained widespread patronage in malaria-endemic countries, even though it is not a recommended preventive measure for avoiding mosquitoes. Mosquito coils contain insecticides, whic... Jonathan N. Hogarh, Philip Antwi-Agyei and Kwasi Obiri-Danso Malaria Journal 2016 15:61

Erratum to: Therapeutic assessment of chloroquine–primaquine combined regimen in adult cohort of P.vivax malaria from a tertiary care hospital in southwestern India

Kumar Rishikesh, Asha Kamath, Manjunatha H. Hande, Sudha Vidyasagar, Raviraja V. Acharya, Vasudeva Acharya, Jayaprakash Belle, Ananthakrishna B. Shastry and Kavitha Saravu

Malaria Journal 2016 15:59

Multi-country comparison of delivery strategies for mass campaigns to achieve universal coverage with insecticide-treated nets: what works best?

The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is widely recognized as o­ne of the main interventions to prevent malaria. High ITN coverage is needed to reduce transmission. Mass distribution campaigns are the fast... Celine Zegers de Beyl, Hannah Koenker, Angela Acosta, Emmanuel Obi o­nyefunafoa, Emmanuel Adegbe, Anna McCartney-Melstad, Richmond Ato Selby and Albert Kilian Malaria Journal 2016 15:58

Multiple causes of an unexpected malaria outbreak in a high-transmission area in Madagascar

The malaria burden in Madagascar dropped down last decade, largely due to scale-up of control measures. Nevertheless, a significant rise of malaria cases occurred in 2011–2012 in two regions of the rainy South... Thomas Kesteman, Solofoniaina A. Rafalimanantsoa, Harimahefa Razafimandimby, Heriniaina H. Rasamimanana, Vaomalala Raharimanga, Benjamin Ramarosandratana, Arsene Ratsimbasoa, Jocelyn Ratovonjato, Nohal Elissa, Laurence Randrianasolo, Alyssa Finlay, Christophe Rogier and Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia Malaria Journal 2016 15:57

Endothelial activation, haemostasis and thrombosis biomarkers in Ugandan children with severe malaria participating in a clinical trial

Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and poor outcomes have been associated with endothelial activation. In this study, biomarkers of endothelial activation, haemostasis, ... Susan M. Graham, Junmei Chen, Dominic W. Chung, Kevin R. Barker, Andrea L. Conroy, Michael T. Hawkes, Sophie Namasopo, Kevin C. Kain, José A. López and W. Conrad Liles Malaria Journal 2016 15:56

Increased adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 in children with acute intestinal injury

Children with severe malaria are at increased risk of invasive bacterial disease particularly infection with enteric gram-negative organisms. These organisms are likely to originate from the gut, however, how ... James A. Church, Lydia Nyamako, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Kathryn Maitland and Britta C. Urban Malaria Journal 2016 15:54

Measurement of ex vivo ELISpot interferon-gamma recall responses to Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 and CSP in Ghanaian adults with natural exposure to malaria

Malaria eradication requires a concerted approach involving all available control tools, and an effective vaccine would complement these efforts. An effective malaria vaccine should be able to induce protectiv... Harini Ganeshan, Kwadwo A. Kusi, Dorothy Anum, Michael R. Hollingdale, Bjoern Peters, Yohan Kim, John K. A. Tetteh, Michael F. Ofori, Ben A. Gyan, Kwadwo A. Koram, Jun Huang, Maria Belmonte, Jo Glenna Banania, Daniel Dodoo, Eileen Villasante and Martha Sedegah Malaria Journal 2016 15:55

Performance and user acceptance of the Bhutan febrile and malaria information system: report from a pilot study

Over the last decade, Bhutan has made substantial progress in controlling malaria. The country is now in an elimination phase, aiming to achieve no locally transmitted malaria by 2018. However, challenges rema... Tashi Tobgay, Pema Samdrup, Thinley Jamtsho, Kylie Mannion, Leonard Ortega, Amnat Khamsiriwatchara, Ric N. Price, Kamala Thriemer and Jaranit Kaewkungwal Malaria Journal 2016 15:52

Comparative genome-wide analysis and evolutionary history of haemoglobin-processing and haem detoxification enzymes in malarial parasites

Malaria parasites have evolved a series of intricate mechanisms to survive and propagate within host red blood cells. Intra-erythrocytic parasitism requires these organisms to digest haemoglobin and detoxify i... Patrath Ponsuwanna, Theerarat Kochakarn, Duangkamon Bunditvorapoom, Krittikorn Kümpornsin, Thomas D. Otto, Chase Ridenour, Kesinee Chotivanich, Prapon Wilairat, Nicholas J. White, Olivo Miotto and Thanat Chookajorn Malaria Journal 2016 15:51

Prioritization of anti-malarial hits from nature: chemo-informatic profiling of natural products with in vitro antiplasmodial activities and currently registered anti-malarial drugs

A large number of natural products have shown in vitro antiplasmodial activities. Early identification and prioritization of these natural products with potential for novel mechanism of action, desirable pharm... Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh, James Syce, Sarel F. Malan and Alan Christoffels Malaria Journal 2016 15:50

Non-falciparum malaria infections in pregnant women in West Africa

Non-P.falciparum malaria infections are found in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa but little is known about their importance in pregnancy. John Williams, Fanta Njie, Matthew Cairns, Kalifa Bojang, Sheick Oumar Coulibaly, Kassoum Kayentao, Ismaela Abubakar, Francis Akor, Khalifa Mohammed, Richard Bationo, Edgar Dabira, Alamissa Soulama, Moussa Djimdé, Etienne Guirou, Timothy Awine, Stephen L. Quaye… Malaria Journal 2016

Plasmodium vivax gametocyte infectivity in sub-microscopic infections

The use of molecular techniques has put in the spotlight the existence of a large mass of malaria sub-microscopic infections among apparently healthy populations. These sub-microscopic infections are considere... Andrés F. Vallejo, Jhon García, Andrés B. Amado-Garavito, Myriam Arévalo-Herrera and Sócrates Herrera Malaria Journal 2016 15:48

Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in Kedougou, southeastern Senegal

Malaria is o­ne of the leading causes of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa. With the advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, misdiagnosis and co-morbidity with other diseases has been highlighted by an in... Abdourahmane Sow, Cheikh Loucoubar, Diawo Diallo, Oumar Faye, Youssoupha Ndiaye, Cheikh Saadibou Senghor, Anta Tal Dia, Ousmane Faye, Scott C. Weaver, Mawlouth Diallo, Denis Malvy and Amadou Alpha Sall Malaria Journal 2016 15:47

Shifting from control to elimination: analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Tengchong County around China-Myanmar border, 2005-2014

Tengchong County experienced a decreasing malaria prevalence period in 2005–2014 but the factors contributing to the trend are unclear. Herein, the malaria epidemiological data in years of 2005–2014 were colle... Shengguo Li, Shouqin Yin, Jiazhi Wang, Xishang Li and Jun Feng Malaria Journal 2016 15:45

The risk of malaria in Ghanaian infants born to women managed in pregnancy with intermittent screening and treatment for malaria or intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

Several studies have reported an association between malaria infection of the placenta and the risk of malaria in young children in the first year of life, but it is not known if this is causal, or influenced ... Timothy Awine, Mark M. Belko, Abraham R. Oduro, Sunny Oyakhirome, Harry Tagbor, Daniel Chandramohan, Paul Milligan, Matthew Cairns, Brian Greenwood and John E. Williams Malaria Journal 2016 15:46

Field evaluation of a PfHRP-2/pLDH rapid diagnostic test and light microscopy for diagnosis and screening of falciparum malaria during the peak seasonal transmission in an endemic area in Yemen

Malaria is a public health threat in Yemen, with 149,451 cases being reported in 2013. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum represents 99 %. Prompt diagnosis by light microscopy (LM) and rapid diagnostic tests (RTDs) ... Lina M. Q. Alareqi, Mohammed A. K. Mahdy, Yee-Ling Lau, Mun-Yik Fong, Rashad Abdul-Ghani, Arwa A. Ali, Fei-Wen Cheong, Rehab Tawfek and Rohela Mahmud Malaria Journal 2016 15:49

What drives the consistent use of long-lasting insecticidal nets over time? A multi-method qualitative study in mid-western Uganda

The distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) through universal coverage campaigns is a widely adopted approach for the prevention of malaria at scale. While post-distribution surveys play a valua... Clare E. Strachan, Anthony Nuwa, Denis Muhangi, Albert P. Okui, Michelle E. H. Helinski and James K. Tibenderana Malaria Journal 2016 15:44

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of fixed-dose combination of arterolane maleate and piperaquine phosphate with chloroquine in acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a phase III, multicentric, open-label study

Chloroquine has been the treatment of choice for acute vivax malaria for more than 60 years. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax has recently shown resistance to chloroquine in some places. This study compared th... Neena Valecha, Deepali Savargaonkar, Bina Srivastava, B. H. Krishnamoorthy Rao, Santanu K. Tripathi, Nithya Gogtay, Sanjay Kumar Kochar, Nalli Babu Vijaya Kumar, Girish Chandra Rajadhyaksha, Jitendra D. Lakhani, Bhagirath B. Solanki, Rajinder K. Jalali, Sudershan Arora, Arjun Roy, Nilanjan Saha, Sunil S. Iyer Malaria Jour 2016

Treatment outcomes in a safety observational study of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (Eurartesim®) in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria at public health facilities in four African countries

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) is o­ne of five WHO recommended artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, little was known o­n its post-registration safet... Alexander Adjei, Solomon Narh-Bana, Alberta Amu, Vida Kukula, Richard Afedi Nagai, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Abraham Oduro, Eusebio Macete, Salim Abdulla, Tinto Halidou, Ali Sie, Isaac Osei, Esperance Sevene, Kwaku-Poku Asante, Abdunoor Mulokozi, Guillaume Compaore… Malaria Journal 2016 15:43

Malaria community health workers in Myanmar: a cost analysis

Myanmar has the highest malaria incidence and attributed mortality in South East Asia with limited healthcare infrastructure to manage this burden. Establishing malaria Community Health Worker (CHW) programmes... Shwe Sin Kyaw, Tom Drake, Aung Thi, Myat Phone Kyaw, Thaung Hlaing, Frank M. Smithuis, Lisa J. White and Yoel Lubell Malaria Journal 2016

Trends of imported malaria in China 2010–2014: analysis of surveillance data

To describe the epidemiologic profile and trends of imported malaria, and to identify the populations at risk of malaria in China during 2010–2014. Sheng Zhou, Zhongjie Li, Chris Cotter, Canjun Zheng, Qian Zhang, Huazhong Li, Shuisen Zhou, Xiaonong Zhou, Hongjie Yu and Weizhong Yang Malaria Journal 2016 15:39

A pivot mutation impedes reverse evolution across an adaptive landscape for drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax

The study of reverse evolution from resistant to susceptible phenotypes can reveal constraints o­n biological evolution, a topic for which evolutionary theory has relatively few general principles. The public h... C. Brandon Ogbunugafor and Daniel Hartl Malaria Jour 2016

Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in northwest Benin

Artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem®) has been used as a treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection since 2004 in Benin. This open-label, non-randomized study evaluated efficacy of artemether–lumefa... Aurore Ogouyèmi-Hounto, Christian Azandossessi, Souliatou Lawani, Georgia Damien, Yolande Sissinto Savi de Tove, Franck Remoue and Dorothée Kinde Gazard Malaria Journal 2016 15:37

Lack of K13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum persisting after artemisinin combination therapy treatment of Kenyan children

Studies in Southeast Asia reported a strong relationship between polymorphisms at the propeller domain of the Kelch 13 (K13) protein encoded by the Plasmodium falciparum ... Julian Muwanguzi, Gisela Henriques, Patrick Sawa, Teun Bousema, Colin J. Sutherland and Khalid B. Beshir Malaria Journal 2016 15:36

Malaria case detection using rapid diagnostic test at the community level in Ghana: consumer perception and practitioners’ experiences

Ghana has scaled-up malaria control strategies over the past decade. Much as malaria morbidity and mortality seem to have declined with these efforts, there appears to be increased consumption of artemisinin-b... Daniel A. Danquah, Kwame O. Buabeng, Kwaku P. Asante, Emmanuel Mahama, Constance Bart-Plange and Ellis Owusu-DaboMalaria Journal 2016 15:34

In vitro adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum reveal variations in cultivability

Culture-adapted Plasmodium falciparum parasites can offer deeper understanding of geographic variations in drug resistance, pathogenesis and immune evasion. To help ground population-based calculations and infere... John White, Anjali Mascarenhas, Ligia Pereira, Rashmi Dash, Jayashri T. Walke, Pooja Gawas, Ambika Sharma, Suresh Kumar Manoharan, Jennifer L. Guler, Jennifer N. Maki, Ashwani Kumar, Jagadish Mahanta, Neena Valecha, Nagesh Dubhashi, Marina Vaz, Edwin Gomes… Malaria Journal 2016 15:33

Characteristics of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. parasitaemia in Kwahu-Mpraeso, a malaria endemic mountainous district in Ghana, West Africa

Malaria control efforts in Ghana have reduced the countrywide average malaria prevalence from 71 % in 2000 to about 51 % in 2012; however, its main focus is o­n symptomatic malaria. If further progress is to be... Ewurama D. A. Owusu, Vincent Buabeng, Samuel Dadzie, Charles A. Brown, Martin P. Grobusch and Petra MensMalaria Journal 2016 15:38

Epidemiological and entomological studies of a malaria outbreak among French armed forces deployed at illegal gold mining sites reveal new aspects of the disease’s transmission in French Guiana

In December 2010, a Plasmodium vivax malaria outbreak occurred among French forces involved in a mission to control illegal gold mining in French Guiana. The findings of epidemiological and entomological investi... Vincent Pommier de Santi, Romain Girod, Marie Mura, Aissata Dia, Sébastien Briolant, Félix Djossou, Isabelle Dusfour, Alexandre Mendibil, Fabrice Simon, Xavier Deparis and Frédéric Pagès Malaria Journal 2016 15:35

Field evaluation of the 22 rapid diagnostic tests for community management of malaria with artemisinin combination therapy in Cameroon

All suspected cases of malaria should receive a diagnostic test prior to treatment with artemisinin-based combinations based o­n the new WHO malaria treatment guidelines. This study compared the accuracy and so... Innocent M. Ali, Jude D. Bigoga, Dorothy A. Forsah, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Vivian Tchinda, Vicky Ama Moor, Josephine Fogako, Philomena Nyongalema, Theresa Nkoa, Albert Same-Ekobo, Joseph Mbede, Etienne Fondjo, Wilfred F. Mbacham and Rose G. F. Leke Malaria Journal 2016 15:31

UTR introns, antisense RNA and differentially spliced transcripts between Plasmodium yoelii subspecies

The rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii is an important animal model for studying host-parasite interaction and molecular basis of malaria pathogenesis. Although a draft genome of P. yoelii ... Jian Li, Baowei Cai, Yanwei Qi, Wenting Zhao, Jianwen Liu, Ruixue Xu, Qin Pang, Zhiyong Tao, Lingxian Hong, Shengfa Liu, Maarten Leerkes, Mariam Quiñones and Xin-zhuan Su Malaria Journal 2016 15:30

Localization and interactions of Plasmodium falciparum SWIB/MDM2 homologues

Malaria remains a global health problem and the majority of deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Due to the rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains, novel avenues of research o­n the biology of ... Warren Antonio Vieira and Thérèsa L. Coetzer Malaria Journal 2016 15:32

Distribution of FcγR gene polymorphisms among two sympatric populations in Mali: differing allele frequencies, associations with malariometric indices and implications for genetic susceptibility to malaria

Genetic polymorphisms in the complex gene cluster encoding human Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) may influence malaria susceptibility and pathogenesis. Studying genetic susceptibility to malaria is ideal among symp... Mariama Cherif, Daniel Amoako-Sakyi, Amagana Dolo, Jan-Olov Pearson, Ben Gyan, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Issa Nebie, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Ogobara Doumbo, Marita Troye-Blomberg and Maiga Bakary Malaria Journal 2016

Functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1-VarO adhesin

Rosetting, namely the capacity of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells to bind uninfected RBCs, is commonly observed in African children with severe malaria. Rosetting results from specific interact... Micheline Guillotte, Farida Nato, Alexandre Juillerat, Audrey Hessel, Françoise Marchand, Anita Lewit-Bentley, Graham A. Bentley, Inès Vigan-Womas and Odile Mercereau-Puijalon Malaria Journal 2016 15:28

A malaria risk map of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

In Kinshasa, malaria remains a major public health problem but its spatial epidemiology has not been assessed for decades now. The city’s growth and transformation, as well as recent control measures, call for... Giovanfrancesco Ferrari, Henry M. Ntuku, Sandro Schmidlin, Eric Diboulo, Antoinette K. Tshefu and Christian Lengeler Malaria Journal 2016 15:27

Malaria transmission dynamics surrounding the first nationwide long-lasting insecticidal net distribution in Papua New Guinea

The major malaria vectors of Papua New Guinea exhibit heterogeneities in distribution, biting behaviour and malaria infection levels. Long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), distributed as part of the ... Lisa J. Reimer, Edward K. Thomsen, Gussy Koimbu, John B. Keven, Ivo Mueller, Peter M. Siba, James W. Kazura, Manuel W. Hetzel and Peter A. Zimmerman Malaria Journal 2016 15:25

Sickle haemoglobin, haemoglobin C and malaria mortality feedbacks

Sickle haemoglobin (HbS) and haemoglobin C (HbC) are both caused by point mutations in the beta globin gene, and both offer substantial malaria protection. Despite the fact that the blood disorder caused by ho... Bronner P. Gonçalves, Sunetra Gupta and Bridget S. Penman Malaria Journal 2016 15:26

Mind the gap: residual malaria transmission, veterinary endectocides and livestock as targets for malaria vector control

Carlos Chaccour and Gerry F. Killeen Malaria Journal 2016 15:24

Erratum to: Beninese children with cerebral malaria do not develop humoral immunity against the IT4-VAR19-DC8 PfEMP1 variant linked to EPCR and brain endothelial binding

Sofia Nunes-Silva, Sébastien Dechavanne, Azizath Moussiliou, Natalia Pstrąg, Jean-Philippe Semblat, Stéphane Gangnard, Nicaise Tuikue-Ndam, Philippe Deloron, Arnaud Chêne and Benoît Gamain Malaria Journal 2016 15:22

A yeast strain associated to Anopheles mosquitoes produces a toxin able to kill malaria parasites

Malaria control strategies are focusing o­n new approaches, such as the symbiotic control, which consists in the use of microbial symbionts to prevent parasite development in the mosquito gut and to block the t... Matteo Valzano, Valentina Cecarini, Alessia Cappelli, Aida Capone, Jovana Bozic, Massimiliano Cuccioloni, Sara Epis, Dezemona Petrelli, Mauro Angeletti, Anna Maria Eleuteri, Guido Favia and Irene RicciMalaria Journal 2016 15:21

Treatment-seeking rates in malaria endemic countries

The proportion of individuals who seek treatment for fever is an important quantity in understanding access to and use of health systems, as well as for interpreting data o­n disease incidence from routine surv... Katherine E. Battle, Donal Bisanzio, Harry S. Gibson, Samir Bhatt, Ewan Cameron, Daniel J. Weiss, Bonnie Mappin, Ursula Dalrymple, Rosalind E. Howes, Simon I. Hay and Peter W. Gething Malaria Journal 2016 15:20

Prevalence and molecular characterization of G6PD deficiency in two Plasmodium vivax endemic areas in Venezuela: predominance of the African A-^202A/376G variant

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency causes acute haemolytic anaemia triggered by oxidative drugs such as primaquine (PQ), used for Plasmodium vivax malaria radical cure... Esmeralda Vizzi, Gilberto Bastidas, Mariana Hidalgo, Laura Colman and Hilda A. Pérez Malaria Journal 2016 15:19

Why do health workers give anti-malarials to patients with negative rapid test results? A qualitative study at rural health facilities in western Uganda

The large-scale introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) promises to improve management of fever patients and the rational use of valuable anti-malarials. However, evidence o­n the impact of RDT in... Robin Altaras, Anthony Nuwa, Bosco Agaba, Elizabeth Streat, James K. Tibenderana and Clare E. Strachan Malaria Journal 2016 15:23

Antibody profiles to plasmodium merozoite surface protein-1 in Cambodian adults during an active surveillance cohort with nested treatment study

In addition to evidence for a protective role of antibodies to the malaria blood stage antigen merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP1 antibodies are also considered as a marker of past malaria exposure in se... Michele D. Spring, Sathit Pichyangkul, Chanthap Lon, Panita Gosi, Kosol Yongvanichit, Utaiwan Srichairatanakul, Amporn Limsalakpeth, Chaiyaporn Chaisatit, Soklyda Chann, Sabaithip Sriwichai, Montida Auayapon, Suwanna Chaorattanakawee, Sheetij Dutta, Satharath Prom, Char Meng Chour, Douglas S. Walsh… Malaria Journal 2016 15:17

Malaria burden and anti-malarial drug efficacy in Owando, northern Congo

In the Republic of Congo, previous epidemiological studies have o­nly been conducted in the south of the country where it is most accessible. Nationally representative data o­n the efficacy of new anti-malarial ... Brice P. Singana, Hervé Bogreau, Brunelle D. Matondo, Louis R. Dossou-Yovo, Prisca N. Casimiro, Rigobert Mbouka, Kim Yen Ha Nguyen, Bruno Pradines, Leonardo K. Basco and Mathieu Ndounga Malaria Journal 2016 15:16

Feasibility and acceptability of injectable artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) changed its national policy for the treatment of severe malaria in both children and adults in 2012 from intravenous quinine to injectable artesunate. The country is ... Henry M. T. Ntuku, Gianfrancesco Ferrari, Christian Burri, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Didier M. Kalemwa and Christian Lengeler Malaria Journal 2016

Alterations of blood coagulation in controlled human malaria infection

Alterations of blood coagulation are thought to be involved in malaria pathogenesis. This study had the aim to investigate changes of blood coagulation under the standardized conditions of controlled human mal... Julia Riedl, Benjamin Mordmüller, Silvia Koder, Ingrid Pabinger, Peter G. Kremsner, Stephen L. Hoffman, Michael Ramharter and Cihan Ay Malaria Jour 2016

Heterogeneous alleles comprising G6PD deficiency trait in West Africa exert contrasting effects o­n two major clinical presentations of severe malaria

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency exhibits considerable allelic heterogeneity which manifests with variable biochemical and clinical penetrance. It has long been thought that G6PD deficiency ... Shivang S. Shah, Kirk A. Rockett, Muminatou Jallow, Fatou Sisay-Joof, Kalifa A. Bojang, Margaret Pinder, Anna Jeffreys, Rachel Craik, Christina Hubbart, Thomas E. Wellems and Dominic P. Kwiatkowski Malaria Journal 2016 15:13

The role of gender o­n malaria preventive behaviour among rural households in Kenya

Malaria remains a major health and development challenge in the sub-Saharan African economies including Kenya, yet it can be prevented. Technologies to prevent malaria are available but are not universally ado... Gracious M. Diiro, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Sarah Kingori Wanja, Charles Mbogo and Clifford Mutero Malaria Journal 2016 15:14

A common TLR1 polymorphism is associated with higher parasitaemia in a Southeast Asian population with Plasmodium falciparum malaria

The factors leading to poor outcomes in malaria infection are incompletely understood. Common genetic variation exists in the human genes for Toll like receptors (TLRs) that alter host responses to pathogen-a... William O. Hahn, Susanna Harju-Baker, Laura K. Erdman, Srivicha Krudsood, Kevin C. Kain, Mark M. Wurfel and Wayne C. Liles Malaria Journal 2016

Targeting indoor residual spraying for malaria using epidemiological data: a case study of the Zambia experience

In Zambia and other sub-Saharan African countries affected by o­ngoing malaria transmission, indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria prevention has typically been implemented over large areas, e.g., district... Jessie Pinchoff, David A. Larsen, Silvia Renn, Derek Pollard, Christen Fornadel, Mark Maire, Chadwick Sikaala, Chomba Sinyangwe, Benjamin Winters, Daniel J. Bridges and Anna M. Winters Malaria Journal 2016 15:11

Diagnosis of an imported Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in Malaysia

P.ovale is rare and not exactly known to be autochthonous in Malaysia. There are two distinct forms of the parasite, namely P. ovale curtisi (classic form) and P. ovale wallikeri Jonathan Wee Kent Liew, Rohela Mahmud, Lian Huat Tan and Yee Ling Lau Malaria Jour 2016

Assessing the potential impact of artemisinin and partner drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa

Artemisinin and partner drug resistant malaria parasites have emerged in Southeast Asia. If resistance were to emerge in Africa it could have a devastating impact o­n malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Th... Hannah C. Slater, Jamie T. Griffin, Azra C. Ghani and Lucy C. Okell Malaria Journal 2016 15:10

Epidemiology of malaria in the Taabo health and demographic surveillance system, south-central Côte d’Ivoire

A deep understanding of the local epidemiology of malaria is essential for the design and implementation of setting-specific control and elimination efforts. In Côte d’Ivoire, new initiatives are underway to ... Fidèle K. Bassa, Mamadou Ouattara, Kigbafori D. Silué, Lukas G. Adiossan, Nahoua Baikoro, Siaka Koné, Moussan N’Cho, Mahamadou Traoré, Bassirou Bonfoh, Jürg Utzinger and Eliézer K. N’Goran Malaria Journal 2016 15:9

Therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine combinations in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in two ecological zones in Ghana

Case management based o­n prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) remains the main focus of malaria control in Ghana. As part of routine surveillance o­n the the... Benjamin Abuaku, Nancy Duah, Lydia Quaye, Neils Quashie, Keziah Malm, Constance Bart-Plange and Kwadwo Koram Malaria Journal 2016 15:6

Pharmacokinetics of mefloquine and its effect o­n sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim steady-state blood levels in intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) of pregnant HIV-infected women in Kenya

Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine is contra-indicated in HIV-positive pregnant women receiving sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim prophylaxis. Since mefloquine is being c... Michael Green, Kephas Otieno, Abraham Katana, Laurence Slutsker, Simon Kariuki, Peter Ouma, Raquel González, Clara Menendez, Feiko ter Kuile and Meghna Desai Malaria Journal 2016 15:7

Plasmodium berghei bio-burden correlates with parasite lactate dehydrogenase: application to murine Plasmodium diagnostics

The spectrum of techniques to detect malaria parasites in whole blood is limited to measuring parasites in circulation. o­ne approach that is currently used to enumerate total parasite bio-burden involves the u... Sai Lata De, Danielle I. Stanisic, Fabian Rivera, Michael R. Batzloff, Christian Engwerda and Michael F. Good Malaria Journal 2016 15:3

The Cambodia Research Consortium: expediting research for malaria elimination with the emergency response to artemisinin resistance framework

This commentary offers insight into how to best address barriers that may hinder the translation of malaria research findings into policy. It also proposes viable methods of implementing these policies in Camb... Sara E. Canavati, Harriet L. S. Lawford, Bayo S. Fatunmbi, Dysoley Lek, Rithea Leang, Narann Top Samphor, Arjen M. Dondorp, Rekol Huy and Walter M. Kazadi Malaria Journal 2016 15:5

Strategies and approaches to vector control in nine malaria-eliminating countries: a cross-case study analysis

There has been progress towards malaria elimination in the last decade. In response, WHO launched the Global Technical Strategy (GTS), in which vector surveillance and control play important roles. Country exp... Cara Smith Gueye, Gretchen Newby, Roland D. Gosling, Maxine A. Whittaker, Daniel Chandramohan, Laurence Slutsker and Marcel Tanner Malaria Journal 2016 15:2

Status of the use and compliance with malaria rapid diagnostic tests in formal private health facilities in Nigeria

Nigeria has the largest number of malaria-related deaths, accounting for a third of global malaria deaths. It is important that the country attains universal coverage of key malaria interventions, o­ne of whic... Olugbenga A. Mokuolu, Godwin N. Ntadom, Olufemi O. Ajumobi, Roberts A. Alero, Robinson D. Wammanda, Olanrewaju T. Adedoyin, Henrietta U. Okafor, Adekunle D. Alabi, Friday A. Odey, Chimere O. Agomo, Kate U. Edozieh, Tolulope O. Fagbemi, Ahmad M. Njidda, Seye Babatunde, Emmanuel C. Agbo, Nnamdi B. Nwaneri… Malaria Journal 2016 15:4

Spatially variable risk factors for malaria in a geographically heterogeneous landscape, western Kenya: an explorative study

Large reductions in malaria transmission and mortality have been achieved over the last decade, and this has mainly been attributed to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spr... Tobias Homan, Nicolas Maire, Alexandra Hiscox, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Ibrahim Kiche, Kelvin o­noka, Collins Mweresa, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Amanda Ross, Thomas A. Smith and Willem Takken Malaria Journal 2016 15:1

Safety of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for infants and their mothers: randomized controlled community trial in Burkina Faso

Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are now the main tool for malaria prevention in endemic areas. Synthetic pyrethroids are the o­nly group of insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for the ... Guangyu Lu, Corneille Traoré, Peter Meissner, Bocar Kouyaté, Gisela Kynast-Wolf, Claudia Beiersmann, Boubacar Coulibaly, Heiko Becher and Olaf Müller Malaria Journal 2015 14:527

Computer-vision-based technology for fast, accurate and cost effective diagnosis of malaria

Microscopy has long been considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of malaria despite the introduction of newer assays. However, it has many challenges like requirement of trained microscopists and log... Bina Srivastava, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, Susanta K. Ghosh, Neelima Mishra, Navin Kumar, Arnon Houri-Yafin, Joseph Joel Pollak, Seth J. Salpeter and Neena Valecha Malaria Journal 2015 14:526

Sample size and power calculations for detecting changes in malaria transmission using antibody seroconversion rate

Several studies have highlighted the use of serological data in detecting a reduction in malaria transmission intensity. These studies have typically used serology as an adjunct measure and no formal examinati... Nuno Sepúlveda, Carlos Daniel Paulino and Chris Drakeley Malaria Journal 2015 14:529

Estimating malaria parasite prevalence from community surveys in Uganda: a comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and polymerase chain reaction

Household surveys are important tools for monitoring the malaria disease burden and measuring impact of malaria control interventions with parasite prevalence as the primary metric. However, estimates of paras... Joaniter I. Nankabirwa, Adoke Yeka, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, Ruth Kigozi, Chris Drakeley, Moses R. Kamya, Bryan Greenhouse, Philip J. Rosenthal, Grant Dorsey and Sarah G. Staedke Malaria Journal 2015 14:528

Chloroquine efficacy for Plasmodium vivax malaria treatment in southern Ethiopia

Chloroquine (CQ) is the first-line treatment for vivax malaria in Ethiopia, but there is evidence for its declining efficacy. Defining the extent and regional distribution of CQ resistance is critical to ensur... Sisay Getachew, Kamala Thriemer, Sarah Auburn, Adugna Abera, Endalamaw Gadisa, Abraham Aseffa, Ric N. Price and Beyene Petros Malaria Journal 2015

Acute kidney injury in imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known complication of malaria, and is reported to occur in up to 40 % of adult patients with a severe Plasmodium falciparum infection in endemic regions. To gain insight in the inci... C. Koopmans, Marlies E. van Wolfswinkel, Dennis A. Hesselink, Ewout J. Hoorn, Rob Koelewijn, Jaap J. van Hellemond and Perry J. J. van Genderen

Malaria Journal 2015 14:523

Evaluation of the behaviour change communication and community mobilization activities in Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment zones

Behaviour change communication (BCC) can improve malaria prevention and treatment behaviour. As a o­ne of the activities under Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment (MARC) programme, BCC have been conducti... Myat Htut Nyunt, Khin Myo Aye, Myat Phone Kyaw, Khin Thet Wai, Tin Oo, Aye Than, Htet Wai Oo, Hnin Phyu Phway, Soe Soe Han, Thurein Htun and Kyaw Kyaw San Malaria Journal 2015 14:522

An ultrasensitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in small volume blood samples

Highly sensitive, scalable diagnostic methods are needed to guide malaria elimination interventions. While traditional microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are suitable for the diagnosis of symptomatic... Matthew Adams, Sudhaunshu N. Joshi, Gillian Mbambo, Amy Z. Mu, Shay M. Roemmich, Biraj Shrestha, Kathy A. Strauss, Nicole Eddington Johnson, Khine Zaw Oo, Tin Maung Hlaing, Zay Yar Han, Kay Thwe Han, Si Thura, Adam K. Richards, Fang Huang, Myaing M. Nyunt…Malaria Journal 2015 14:520

Missed opportunities to deliver intermittent preventive treatment for malaria to pregnant women 2003–2013: a systematic analysis of 58 household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy (IPTp), malaria continues to cause substantial disease burden among pregnant ... Kathryn G. Andrews, Michael Lynch, Erin Eckert and Julie Gutman Malaria Journal 2015 14:521

Prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in Latin America

With malaria control in Latin America firmly established in most countries and a growing number of these countries in the pre-elimination phase, malaria elimination appears feasible. A review of the literature... Temitope O. Alimi, Douglas O. Fuller, Martha L. Quinones, Rui-De Xue, Socrates V. Herrera, Myriam Arevalo-Herrera, Jill N. Ulrich, Whitney A. Qualls and John C. Beier Malaria Journal 2015 14:519

Potential public health impact of RTS,S malaria candidate vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study

Adding malaria vaccination to existing interventions could help to reduce the health burden due to malaria. This study modelled the potential public health impact of the RTS,S candidate malaria vaccine in 42 m... Christophe J. Sauboin, Laure-Anne Van Bellinghen, Nicolas Van De Velde and Ilse Van Vlaenderen Malaria Journal 2015 14:524

Comparing insecticide-treated bed net use to Plasmodium falciparum infection among schoolchildren living near Lake Victoria, Kenya

Under trial conditions insecticide-treated nets have been shown to provide significant clinical and mortality protection under a range of malaria transmission intensity conditions. There are, however, few oper... Collins Okoyo, Charles Mwandawiro, Jimmy Kihara, Elses Simiyu, Caroline W. Gitonga, Abdisalan M. Noor, Sammy M. Njenga and Robert W. Snow Malaria Journal 2015 14:515

Frequencies distribution of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum population from Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen

Malaria in Yemen is mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum and 25 % of the population is at high risk. Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) had been used as monotherapy against P. falciparum. Emergence of chloroquine r... Omar A. A. Bamaga, Mohammed A. K. Mahdy and Yvonne A. L. Lim Malaria Journal 2015 14:516

Ethical aspects of malaria control and research

Malaria currently causes more harm to human beings than any other parasitic disease, and disproportionally affects low-income populations. The ethical issues raised by efforts to control or eliminate malaria h... Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Vânia de la Fuente-Núñez, Andreas Reis, Pascal Ringwald and Michael J. Selgelid Malaria Journal 2015 14:518

A validated agent-based model to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria incidence in the rainforest environment

The Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been accompanied by a remarkable rise of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. The malaria transmission ... Francesco Pizzitutti, William Pan, Alisson Barbieri, J Jaime Miranda, Beth Feingold, Gilvan R. Guedes, Javiera Alarcon-Valenzuela and Carlos F. Mena Malaria Journal 2015 14:514

Larval habitat characterization of Anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in Chiapas, Mexico

Anopheles darlingi is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the Neotropical region. In Mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of Plasmodium has not been confirmed in the ... Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño, R. Patricia Penilla-Navarro, M. Guadalupe Vázquez-Martínez, David A. Moo-Llanes, Jana C. Ríos-Delgado, Ildefonso Fernández-Salas and Américo D. Rodríguez Malaria Journal 2015 14:517

Upstream AUGs and upstream ORFs can regulate the downstream ORF in Plasmodium falciparum

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and upstream AUGs (uAUGs) can regulate the translation of downstream ORFs. The AT rich genome of Plasmodium falciparum, due to the higher AT content of start and stop codons, ... Mayank Kumar, Vivek Srinivas and Swati Patankar Malaria Journal 2015 14:512

Lipid metabolites of the phospholipase A2 pathway and inflammatory cytokines are associated with brain volume in paediatric cerebral malaria

Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa. CM mortality has been associated with increased brain volume, seen o­n neuroimaging studies. Vasiliki Pappa, Karl Seydel, Sanchit Gupta, Catherine M. Feintuch, Michael J. Potchen, Samuel Kampondeni, Adam Goldman-Yassen, Mike Veenstra, Lillie Lopez, Ryung S. Kim, Joan W. Berman, Terrie Taylor and Johanna P. Daily Malaria Journal 2015

Analysis of antibody profiles in symptomatic malaria in three sentinel sites of Ivory Coast by using multiplex, fluorescent, magnetic, bead-based serological assay (MAGPIX™)

Advances in malaria control have reduced the burden of disease resulting from exposure to parasite infections. The consequences o­n naturally acquired immunity are unclear. A magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MB... David Koffi, André Offianan Touré, Marie-Louise Varela, Inès Vigan-Womas, Sylvain Béourou, Somela Brou, Marie-France Ehouman, Laeticia Gnamien, Vincent Richard, Joseph Allico Djaman and Ronald Perraut Malaria Journal 2015 14:509

High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections: a cross-sectional study in rural areas in six departments in Haiti

Public health measures are poised for transition from malaria control to malaria elimination o­n the island of Hispaniola. Assessment of the reservoir of asymptomatic infections from which acute malaria cases m...Maha A. Elbadry, Basima Al-Khedery, Massimiliano S. Tagliamonte, Charles A. Yowell, Christian P. Raccurt, Alexandre Existe, Jacques Boncy, Thomas A. Weppelmann, Valery E. M. Beau De Rochars, Jean F. Lemoine, Bernard A. Okech and John B. DameMalaria Journal 2015 14:510

Dysregulation of the haem-haemopexin axis is associated with severe malaria in a case–control study of Ugandan children

Malaria is associated with haemolysis and the release of plasma haem. Plasma haem can cause endothelial injury and organ dysfunction, and is normally scavenged by haemopexin to limit toxicity. It was hypothes... Robyn E. Elphinstone, Frank Riley, Tian Lin, Sarah Higgins, Aggrey Dhabangi, Charles Musoke, Christine Cserti-Gazdewich, Raymond F. Regan, H. Shaw Warren and Kevin C. Kain Malaria Journal 2015 14:511

Estimation of allele-specific Ace-1 duplication in insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes from West Africa

Identification of variation in Ace-1 copy number and G119S mutation genotype from samples of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii across West Africa are important diagnostics of carbamate and organophosphate... Luc S. Djogbénou, Benoît Assogba, John Essandoh, Edi A. V. Constant, Michel Makoutodé, Martin Akogbéto, Martin J. Donnelly and David Weetman Malaria Journal 2015 14:507

In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon

The anti-malarials quinine and artemisinin were isolated from traditionally used plants (Cinchona spp. and Artemisia annua, respectively). The synthetic quinoline anti-malarials (e.g. chloroquine) and semi-synthe... Renata B. S. Lima, Luiz F. Rocha e Silva, Marcia R. S. Melo, Jaqueline S. Costa, Neila S. Picanço, Emerson S. Lima, Marne C. Vasconcellos, Ana Paula A. Boleti, Jakeline M. P. Santos, Rodrigo C. N. Amorim, Francisco C. M. Chaves, Julia P. Coutinho, Wanderli P. Tadei, Antoniana U. Krettli and Adrian M. Pohlit Malaria Journal 2015

Erratum to: Up-regulated S100 calcium binding protein A8 in Plasmodium-infected patients correlates with CD4+CD25+Foxp3 regulatory T cell generation

Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon-Joong Kang, Jung-Yeon Kim, Sangeun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youngjoo Sohn and Hyeong-Woo Lee Malaria Journal 2015 14:506

Antiplasmodial activity, in vivo pharmacokinetics and anti-malarial efficacy evaluation of hydroxypyridinone hybrids in a mouse model

During the erythrocytic stage in humans, malaria parasites digest haemoglobin of the host cell, and the toxic haem moiety crystallizes into haemozoin. Chloroquine acts by forming toxic complexes with haem mole... Ntokozo S. Dambuza, Peter Smith, Alicia Evans, Jennifer Norman, Dale Taylor, Andrew Andayi, Timothy Egan, Kelly Chibale and Lubbe Wiesner Malaria Journal 2015 14:505

A geostatistical analysis of the association between armed conflicts and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa, 1997–2010

The absence of conflict in a country has been cited as a crucial factor affecting the operational feasibility of achieving malaria control and elimination, yet mixed evidence exists o­n the influence that confl... Luigi Sedda, Qiuyin Qi and Andrew J. Tatem Malaria Journal 2015

Evaluation of artemether-lumefantrine efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and its association with pfmdr1, pfatpase6 and K13-propeller polymorphisms in Luanda, Angola

Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has posed an obstacle to effective treatment and challenges many malaria control programmes in endemic areas. In Angola, until 2003, chloroquin... Kinanga Kiaco, Joana Teixeira, Marta Machado, Virgílio do Rosário and Dinora Lopes Malaria Journal 2015 14:504

Burden of malaria among adult patients attending general medical outpatient department and HIV care and treatment clinics in Oromia, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Malaria and HIV/AIDS constitute major public health problems in Ethiopia, but the burden associated with malaria-HIV co-infection has not been well documented. In this study, the burden of malaria among HIV po... Guda Alemayehu, Zenebe Melaku, Tesfay Abreha, Bereket Alemayehu, Samuel Girma, hualashet Tadesse, Tsigereda Gadisa, Sileshi Lulseged, Taye Tolera Balcha, David Hoos, Hiwot Teka and Richard Reithinger Malaria Journal 2015

Exploring health practitioners’ acceptability of a prospective semi-quantitative pfHRP2 device to define severe malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo

A rapid diagnostic tool is being developed to discern severely ill children with severe malaria from children who are ill with alternative febrile diseases but have coincidental peripheral blood parasitaemia. ... Freek de Haan, Marie A. o­nyamboko, Caterina I. Fanello, Charles J. Woodrow, Yoel Lubell, Wouter P. C. Boon and Arjen M. Dondorp Malaria Jour 2015

Development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors

The HLC is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. However, the HLC is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious ... Deodatus V. Maliti, Nicodem J. Govella, Gerry F. Killeen, Nosrat Mirzai, Paul C. D. Johnson, Katharina Kreppel and Heather M. Ferguson Malaria Jour 2015  

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