Việc nghiên cứu và tìm hiểu về một tác nhân gây bệnh, đặc biệt là các tác nhân ký sinh trùng nhiệt đới bị lãng quên là rất quan trọng bởi nếu bỏ qua, chúng dễ dàng dẫn đến các biến chứng nguy hiểm và đe dọa tính mạng của bệnh nhân và cả cộng đồng nếu nguy cơ lây nhiễm cao.

Một trong những tác nhân ký sinh trùng đơn bào gây bệnh nghiêm trọng cơ quan thần kinh trung ương ở người với tỷ lệ tử vong lên đến gần 100% mặc dù bệnh nhân đang ở trong các cơ sở y tế hiện đại và ở quốc gia có nền y học bậc nhất thế giới. Đó chính là loại amip ăn não Naegleria fowleri đã gây tử vong 2 bệnh nhân ở Việt Nam năm 2014.

            Bản đồ phân bố ở trên toàn cầu cho thấy nhiều cá bệnh xuất hiện ở các châu lục (màu xanh). Lòai amip Naegleria fowleri đã được phát hiện trên tất cả châu lục, ngoại trừ vùng Nam Cực. Bệnh được mô tả như một nguyên nhân của viêm màng não do amip tiên phát (primary amebic meningoencephalitis-PAM) trên hơn 16 quốc gia. Mãi đến năm2012, có khoảng 310 ca được báo cáo trên phạm vi toàn cầu. Nhiễm trùng N. fowleri không phải là một bệnh đáng lưu ý ở Mỹ. Dựa trên các danh mục amip sống tự do của Trung tâm Phòng chống bệnh tật (USCDC), có 138 ca viêm màng não tiên phát do amip xảy ra ở Mỹ từ năm 1962-2015. Trong số 138 ca, có 135 ca tử vong và chỉ có 3 ca sống sót, điều này cho thấy nhiễm trùng có tỷ lệ tử vong lên đến 98%. Tại Mỹ, PAM là một bệnh hiếm và xảy ra không cân xứng trên nhóm trẻ em dưới 13 tuổi.

Hình 1

              Dưới đây là một số công trình nghiên cứu trên thế giới và Việt Nam về các ca bệnh cũng như các nghiên cứu chuyên sâu về cơ chế bệnh sinh, tác nhân gây bệnh, miễn dịch, chẩn đoán cổ điển và phân tử, điều trị và phòng bệnh, các khuyến cáo của các cơ quan chức năng y tế liên quan.

Hình 2

Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. Epub 2015 Aug 10. Review.

PMID: 26259797 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 250529792.

Fatal primary meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri.

Shariq A, Afridi FI, Farooqi BJ, Ahmed S, Hussain A.

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2014 Jul;24(7):523-5. doi: 07.2014/JCPSP.523525.

PMID: 25052979 Similar articles Select item 256672493.

Successful treatment of an adolescent with Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Linam WM, Ahmed M, Cope JR, Chu C, Visvesvara GS, da Silva AJ, Qvarnstrom Y, Green J.

Pediatrics. 2015 Mar;135(3):e744-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2292. Epub 2015 Feb 9.

PMID: 25667249 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 269848304.

Naegleria fowleri That Induces Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: Rapid Diagnosis and Rare Case of Survival in a 12-Year-Old Caucasian Girl.

Dunn AL, Reed T, Stewart C, Levy RA.

Lab Med. 2016 May;47(2):149-54. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmw008. Epub 2016 Mar 15.

PMID: 26984830 Similar articles Select item 160023305.

Hình 3

Diagnosis of the primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Hara T, Fukuma T.

Parasitol Int. 2005 Dec;54(4):219-21.

PMID: 16002330 Similar articles Select item 187656866.

Effect of therapeutic chemical agents in vitro and o­n experimental meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Kim JH, Jung SY, Lee YJ, Song KJ, Kwon D, Kim K, Park S, Im KI, Shin HJ.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Nov;52(11):4010-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00197-08. Epub 2008 Sep 2.

PMID: 18765686 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 244562927.

Novel chemotherapeutic strategies in the management of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Baig AM, Khan NA.

CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014 Mar;20(3):289-90. doi: 10.1111/cns.12225. Epub 2014 Jan 24. No abstract available.

PMID: 24456292 Similar articles Select item 254457468.

Tackling infection owing to brain-eating amoeba.

Baig AM, Khan NA.

Acta Trop. 2015 Feb;142:86-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.004. Epub 2014 Nov 13. Review.

PMID: 25445746 Similar articles Select item 119901649.

Hình 4

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: a review of the clinical literature.

Hannisch W, Hallagan LF.

Wilderness Environ Med. 1997 Nov;8(4):211-3. Review.

PMID: 11990164 Similar articles Select item 2471391510.

Prompt diagnosis and extraordinary survival from Naegleria fowleri meningitis: a rare case report.

Sood A, Chauhan S, Chandel L, Jaryal SC.

Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014 Apr-Jun;32(2):193-6. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.129834.

PMID: 24713915 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2744754311.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: Neurochemotaxis and Neurotropic Preferences of Naegleria fowleri.

Baig AM.

ACS Chem Neurosci. 2016 Aug 17;7(8):1026-9. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00197. Epub 2016 Jul 22.

PMID: 27447543 Similar articles Select item 2097072112.

Swimming with death: Naegleria fowleri infections in recreational waters.

Heggie TW.

Travel Med Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;8(4):201-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.06.001. Epub 2010 Jul 13. Review.

PMID: 20970721 Similar articles Select item 2287839613.

Hình 5

Development of a high- versus low-pathogenicity model of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Burri DC, Gottstein B, Zumkehr B, Hemphill A, Schürch N, Wittwer M, Müller N.

Microbiology. 2012 Oct;158(Pt 10):2652-60. Epub 2012 Aug 9.

PMID: 22878396 Similar articles Select item 1876240614.

Therapeutic effect of rokitamycin in vitro and o­n experimental meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Kim JH, Lee YJ, Sohn HJ, Song KJ, Kwon D, Kwon MH, Im KI, Shin HJ.

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Nov;32(5):411-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.05.018. Epub 2008 Aug 30.

PMID: 18762406 Similar articles Select item 1923546015.

[Amebic meningoencephalitis].

Fukuma T.

Brain Nerve. 2009 Feb;61(2):115-21. Review. Japanese.

PMID: 19235460 Similar articles Select item 2808607216.

Hình 5

Identification of Naegleria fowleri proteins linked to primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

Jamerson M, Schmoyer JA, Park J, Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral GA.

Microbiology. 2017 Mar;163(3):322-332. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000428. Epub 2017 Mar 23.

PMID: 28086072 Similar articles Select item 1615699017.

Fatal case of Naegleria fowleri meningo-encephalitis in an infant: case report.

Hebbar S, Bairy I, Bhaskaranand N, Upadhyaya S, Sarma MS, Shetty AK.

Ann Trop Paediatr. 2005 Sep;25(3):223-6.

PMID: 16156990 Similar articles Select item 2752534818.

Hình 6

Naegleria fowleri: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology of Brain Inflammation, and Antimicrobial Treatments.

Pugh JJ, Levy RA.

ACS Chem Neurosci. 2016 Sep 21;7(9):1178-9. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00232. Epub 2016 Aug 15.

PMID: 27525348 Similar articles Select item 1882262719.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Kaushal V, Chhina DK, Ram S, Singh G, Kaushal RK, Kumar R.

J Assoc Physicians India. 2008 Jun;56:459-62. Review.

PMID: 18822627 Similar articles Select item 2239192320.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: a case report and literature review.

Lopez C, Budge P, Chen J, Bilyeu S, Mirza A, Custodio H, Irazuzta J, Visvesvara G, Sullivan KJ.

Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012 Mar;28(3):272-6. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182495589. Review.

PMID: 22391923 Similar articles

Bis-benzimidazole hits against Naegleria fowleri discovered with new high-throughput screens.

Rice CA, Colon BL, Alp M, Göker H, Boykin DW, Kyle DE.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr;59(4):2037-44. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05122-14. Epub 2015 Jan 20.

PMID: 25605363 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2396583022.

Investigational drug available directly from CDC for the treatment of infections with free-living amebae.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Aug 23;62(33):666.

PMID: 23965830 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2371008823.

A fatal case of Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis in Taiwan.

Su MY, Lee MS, Shyu LY, Lin WC, Hsiao PC, Wang CP, Ji DD, Chen KM, Lai SC.

Korean J Parasitol. 2013 Apr;51(2):203-6. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.203. Epub 2013 Apr 25.

PMID: 23710088 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2439254524.

Naegleria Fowleri--the brain-eating amoeba.

Zaheer R.

J Pak Med Assoc. 2013 Nov;63(11):1456. No abstract available.

PMID: 24392545 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2264574325.

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis.

Cetin N, Blackall D.

Blood. 2012 Apr 19;119(16):3658. No abstract available.

PMID: 22645743 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2286957426.

Corifungin, a new drug lead against Naegleria, identified from a high-throughput screen.

Debnath A, Tunac JB, Galindo-Gómez S, Silva-Olivares A, Shibayama M, McKerrow JH.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Nov;56(11):5450-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00643-12. Epub 2012 Aug 6.

PMID: 22869574 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1789480427.

The immune response to Naegleria fowleri amebae and pathogenesis of infection.

Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral GA.

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007 Nov;51(2):243-59. Epub 2007 Sep 21. Review.

PMID: 17894804 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2667962628.

Use of the Novel Therapeutic Agent Miltefosine for the Treatment of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: Report of 1 Fatal and 1 Surviving Case.

Cope JR, Conrad DA, Cohen N, Cotilla M, DaSilva A, Jackson J, Visvesvara GS.

Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 15;62(6):774-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ1021. Epub 2015 Dec 17.

PMID: 26679626 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2559574629.

The first association of a primary amebic meningoencephalitis death with culturable Naegleria fowleri in tap water from a US treated public drinking water system.

Cope JR, Ratard RC, Hill VR, Sokol T, Causey JJ, Yoder JS, Mirani G, Mull B, Mukerjee KA, Narayanan J, Doucet M, Qvarnstrom Y, Poole CN, Akingbola OA, Ritter JM, Xiong Z, da Silva AJ, Roellig D, Van Dyke RB, Stern H, Xiao L, Beach MJ.

Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Apr 15;60(8):e36-42. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ017. Epub 2015 Jan 16.

PMID: 25595746 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2950169630.

The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri.

Bellini NK, Santos TM, da Silva MTA, Thiemann OH.

Exp Parasitol. 2018 Apr;187:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Mar 1. Review.

PMID: 29501696 Similar articles Select item 2658288631.

Hình 7

Diagnosis, Clinical Course, and Treatment of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in the United States, 1937-2013.

Capewell LG, Harris AM, Yoder JS, Cope JR, Eddy BA, Roy SL, Visvesvara GS, Fox LM, Beach MJ.

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015 Dec;4(4):e68-75. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu103. Epub 2014 Oct 23.

PMID: 26582886 Similar articles Select item 2495071732.

Genome-wide identification of pathogenicity factors of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Zysset-Burri DC, Müller N, Beuret C, Heller M, Schürch N, Gottstein B, Wittwer M.

BMC Genomics. 2014 Jun 19;15:496. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-496.

PMID: 24950717 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2231584633.

Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Jain R, Tilak V.

J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Jul;109(7):500-1.

PMID: 22315846 Similar articles Select item 2768197534.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in North Queensland: the paediatric experience.

Nicholls CL, Parsonson F, Gray LE, Heyer A, Donohue S, Wiseman G, Norton R.

Med J Aust. 2016 Oct 3;205(7):325-8. Review.

PMID: 27681975 Similar articles Select item 2668858235.

Detection of the free living amoeba Naegleria fowleri by using conventional and real-time PCR based o­n a single copy DNA sequence.

Régoudis E, Pélandakis M.

Exp Parasitol. 2016 Feb;161:35-9. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 11.

PMID: 26688582 Similar articles Select item 1826888936.

Hình 8

Characterization of Naegleria fowleri strains isolated from human cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Mexico.

Cervantes-Sandoval I, de Serrano-Luna JJ, Tapia-Malagón JL, Pacheco-Yépez J, Silva-Olivares A, Galindo-Gómez S, Tsutsumi V, Shibayama M.

Rev Invest Clin. 2007 Sep-Oct;59(5):342-7.

PMID: 18268889 Similar articles Select item 2761669937.

Biology and pathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri.

Siddiqui R, Ali IKM, Cope JR, Khan NA.

Acta Trop. 2016 Dec;164:375-394. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Sep 9. Review.

PMID: 27616699 Similar articles Select item 2334988038.

Survey of Naegleria fowleri in geothermal recreational waters of Guadeloupe (French West Indies).

Moussa M, De Jonckheere JF, Guerlotté J, Richard V, Bastaraud A, Romana M, Talarmin A.

PLoS o­ne. 2013;8(1):e54414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054414. Epub 2013 Jan 18.

PMID: 23349880 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1453370039.

Activities of therapeutic agents against Naegleria fowleri in vitro and in a mouse model of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Goswick SM, Brenner GM.

J Parasitol. 2003 Aug;89(4):837-42.

PMID: 14533700 Similar articles Select item 2801305340.

Surviving Naegleria fowleri infections: A successful case report and novel therapeutic approach.

Heggie TW, Küpper T.

Travel Med Infect Dis. 2017 Mar - Apr;16:49-51. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 22.

PMID: 28013053 Similar articles

Development of a nested PCR assay to detect the pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Réveiller FL, Cabanes PA, Marciano-Cabral F.

Parasitol Res. 2002 May;88(5):443-50.

PMID: 12049462 Similar articles Select item 2659117642.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Gupta R, Parashar MK, Kale A.

J Assoc Physicians India. 2015 Apr;63(4):69-71.

PMID: 26591176 Similar articles Select item 2632249843.

Hình 9

Effective PCR-based detection of Naegleria fowleri from cultured sample and PAM-developed mouse.

Kang H, Seong GS, Sohn HJ, Kim JH, Lee SE, Park MY, Lee WJ, Shin HJ.

Eur J Protistol. 2015 Oct;51(5):401-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Aug 14.

PMID: 26322498 Similar articles Select item 2562580044.

Fatal meningoencephalitis in child and isolation of Naegleria fowleri from hot springs in Costa Rica.

Abrahams-Sandí E, Retana-Moreira L, Castro-Castillo A, Reyes-Batlle M, Lorenzo-Morales J.

Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Feb;21(2):382-4. doi: 10.3201/eid2102.141576. No abstract available.

PMID: 25625800 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2895464445.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in Naegleria fowleri and their role in invasion of the central nervous system.

Lam C, Jamerson M, Cabral G, Carlesso AM, Marciano-Cabral F.

Microbiology. 2017 Oct;163(10):1436-1444. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000537. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

PMID: 28954644 Similar articles Select item 2427990846.

Risk for transmission of Naegleria fowleri from solid organ transplantation.

Roy SL, Metzger R, Chen JG, Laham FR, Martin M, Kipper SW, Smith LE, Lyon GM 3rd, Haffner J, Ross JE, Rye AK, Johnson W, Bodager D, Friedman M, Walsh DJ, Collins C, Inman B, Davis BJ, Robinson T, Paddock C, Zaki SR, Kuehnert M, DaSilva A, Qvarnstrom Y, Sriram R, Visvesvara GS.

Am J Transplant. 2014 Jan;14(1):163-71. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12536. Epub 2013 Nov 26.

PMID: 24279908 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2593018647.

Hình 10

Pathogenesis of amoebic encephalitis: Are the amoebae being credited to an 'inside job' done by the host immune response?

Baig AM.

Acta Trop. 2015 Aug;148:72-6. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.022. Epub 2015 Apr 27. Review.

PMID: 25930186 Similar articles Select item 1254365348.

Activities of azithromycin and amphotericin B against Naegleria fowleri in vitro and in a mouse model of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Goswick SM, Brenner GM.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Feb;47(2):524-8.

PMID: 12543653 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1091660949.

Naegleria fowleri: a free living amoeba of emerging medical importance.

Parija SC, Jayakeerthee SR.

J Commun Dis. 1999 Sep;31(3):153-9. Review.

PMID: 10916609 Similar articles Select item 2775613650.

Hình 11

Torn from the Headlines: Surviving the "Brain Eating Amoeba".

Lindsley CW.

ACS Chem Neurosci. 2016 Oct 19;7(10):1313. No abstract available.

PMID: 27756136 Similar articles Select item 1984599551.

The epidemiology of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in the USA, 1962-2008.

Yoder JS, Eddy BA, Visvesvara GS, Capewell L, Beach MJ.

Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Jul;138(7):968-75. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809991014. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

PMID: 19845995 Similar articles Select item 2672105652.

NAEGLARIA FOWLERI: THE BRAIN EATING AMOEBA OR AN ENIGMA?

Mukhtar F, Wazir MS.

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015 Jul-Sep;27(3):735-6. Review.

PMID: 26721056 Similar articles Select item 2685489753.

Isolation and molecular identification of Naegleria fowleri from Nile river, Egypt.

Al-Herrawy AZ, Gad MA.

J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2015 Dec;90(4):161-5. doi: 10.1097/01.EPX.0000475937.97216.03.

PMID: 26854897 Similar articles Select item 2872185054.

Amphotericin B induces apoptosis-like programmed cell death in Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi.

Cárdenas-Zúñiga R, Silva-Olivares A, Villalba-Magdaleno JA, Sánchez-Monroy V, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M.

Microbiology. 2017 Jul;163(7):940-949. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000500. Epub 2017 Jul 21.

PMID: 28721850 Similar articles Select item 2184365755.

Origin and evolution of the worldwide distributed pathogenic amoeboflagellate Naegleria fowleri.

De Jonckheere JF.

Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Oct;11(7):1520-8. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.023. Epub 2011 Aug 6. Review.

PMID: 21843657 Similar articles Select item 2648453356.

Hình 12

Prevalence of Naegleria fowleri in Environmental Samples from Northern Part of India.

Panda A, Khalil S, Mirdha BR, Singh Y, Kaushik S.

PLoS o­ne. 2015 Oct 20;10(10):e0137736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137736. eCollection 2015.

PMID: 26484533 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2252059357.

Pathogenic free-living amoebae: epidemiology and clinical review.

Trabelsi H, Dendana F, Sellami A, Sellami H, Cheikhrouhou F, Neji S, Makni F, Ayadi A.

Pathol Biol (Paris). 2012 Dec;60(6):399-405. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.03.002. Epub 2012 Apr 18. Review.

PMID: 22520593 Similar articles Select item 2336021058.

The mitochondrial genome and a 60-kb nuclear DNA segment from Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

Herman EK, Greninger AL, Visvesvara GS, Marciano-Cabral F, Dacks JB, Chiu CY.

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2013 Mar-Apr;60(2):179-91. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12022. Epub 2013 Jan 29.

PMID: 23360210 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2228570359.

Meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in cattle of northeast Brazil.

Pimentel LA, Dantas AF, Uzal F, Riet-Correa F.

Res Vet Sci. 2012 Oct;93(2):811-2. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.01.002. Epub 2012 Jan 27.

PMID: 22285703 Similar articles Select item 2955162860.

Hình 13

Identification of cysteine protease inhibitors as new drug leads against Naegleria fowleri.

Zyserman I, Mondal D, Sarabia F, McKerrow JH, Roush WR, Debnath A.

Exp Parasitol. 2018 May;188:36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

PMID: 29551628 Similar articles

Naegleria fowleri-associated encephalitis in a cow from Costa Rica.

Morales JA, Chaves AJ, Visvesvara GS, Dubey JP.

Vet Parasitol. 2006 Jun 30;139(1-3):221-3. Epub 2006 Apr 25.

PMID: 16638625 Similar articles Select item 2697977062.

Meningoencephalitis due to the amoeboflagellate Naegleria fowleri in ruminants in Algeria.

Benterki MS, Ayachi A, Bennoune O, Régoudis E, Pélandakis M.

Parasite. 2016;23:11. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2016011. Epub 2016 Mar 15.

PMID: 26979770 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1633673363.

Organotypic slice cultures from rat brain tissue: a new approach for Naegleria fowleri CNS infection in vitro.

Gianinazzi C, Schild M, Müller N, Leib SL, Simon F, Nuñez S, Joss P, Gottstein B.

Parasitology. 2005 Dec;131(Pt 6):797-804.

PMID: 16336733 Similar articles Select item 2219144064.

The impact of man o­n the occurrence of the pathogenic free-living amoeboflagellate Naegleria fowleri.

De Jonckheere JF.

Future Microbiol. 2012 Jan;7(1):5-7. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.141. No abstract available.

PMID: 22191440 Similar articles Select item 2366512865.

Identification and significance of Naegleria fowleri isolated from the hot spring which related to the first primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) patient in Taiwan.

Tung MC, Hsu BM, Tao CW, Lin WC, Tsai HF, Ji DD, Shen SM, Chen JS, Shih FC, Huang YL.

Int J Parasitol. 2013 Aug;43(9):691-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.01.012. Epub 2013 May 9.

PMID: 23665128 Similar articles Select item 1742830766.

Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea.

Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL.

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007 Jun;50(1):1-26. Epub 2007 Apr 11. Review.

PMID: 17428307 Free Article Similar articles Select item 1263901567.

Detection of Naegleria spp. and Naegleria fowleri: a comparison of flagellation tests, ELISA and PCR.

Behets J, Seghi F, Declerck P, Verelst L, Duvivier L, Van Damme A, Ollevier F.

Water Sci Technol. 2003;47(3):117-22.

PMID: 12639015 Similar articles Select item 2928402968.

CYP51 is an essential drug target for the treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Debnath A, Calvet CM, Jennings G, Zhou W, Aksenov A, Luth MR, Abagyan R, Nes WD, McKerrow JH, Podust LM.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Dec 28;11(12):e0006104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006104. eCollection 2017 Dec.

PMID: 29284029 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2717583669.

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis as Cause of Headache and Fever.

Sherin K, Linam WM, Jett S.

Am Fam Physician. 2016 Apr 15;93(8):644. No abstract available.

PMID: 27175836 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2192652370.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with subsequent organ procurement: a case study.

Tuppeny M.

J Neurosci Nurs. 2011 Oct;43(5):274-9. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e318227ef6e.

PMID: 21926523 Similar articles Select item 2506657871.

Identification of peptidases in highly pathogenic vs. weakly pathogenic Naegleria fowleri amebae.

Vyas IK, Jamerson M, Cabral GA, Marciano-Cabral F.

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2015 Jan-Feb;62(1):51-9. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12152. Epub 2014 Aug 21.

PMID: 25066578 Similar articles Select item 2876465572.

A case report: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a young Zambian adult.

Chomba M, Mucheleng'anga LA, Fwoloshi S, Ngulube J, Mutengo MM.

BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 1;17(1):532. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2638-8.

PMID: 28764655 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2512175973.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri: an old enemy presenting new challenges.

Siddiqui R, Khan NA.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Aug 14;8(8):e3017. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003017. eCollection 2014 Aug. Review.

PMID: 25121759 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1706052274.

Synergistic activities of azithromycin and amphotericin B against Naegleria fowleri in vitro and in a mouse model of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Soltow SM, Brenner GM.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jan;51(1):23-7. Epub 2006 Oct 23.

PMID: 17060522 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2367732175.

Vaccination with lentiviral vector expressing the nfa1 gene confers a protective immune response to mice infected with Naegleria fowleri.

Kim JH, Sohn HJ, Lee J, Yang HJ, Chwae YJ, Kim K, Park S, Shin HJ.

Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Jul;20(7):1055-60. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00210-13. Epub 2013 May 15.

PMID: 23677321 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1991983676.

A real-time PCR diagnostic method for detection of Naegleria fowleri.

Madarová L, Trnková K, Feiková S, Klement C, Obernauerová M.

Exp Parasitol. 2010 Sep;126(1):37-41. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Nov 15.

PMID: 19919836 Similar articles Select item 2560467277.

Protective immunity against Naegleria fowleri infection o­n mice immunized with the rNfa1 protein using mucosal adjuvants.

Lee J, Yoo JK, Sohn HJ, Kang HK, Kim D, Shin HJ, Kim JH.

Parasitol Res. 2015 Apr;114(4):1377-85. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4316-3. Epub 2015 Jan 22.

PMID: 25604672 Similar articles Select item 2472125878.

Naegleria fowleri: contact-dependent secretion of electrondense granules (EDG).

Chávez-Munguía B, Villatoro LS, Omaña-Molina M, Rodríguez-Monroy MA, Segovia-Gamboa N, Martínez-Palomo A.

Exp Parasitol. 2014 Jul;142:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.027. Epub 2014 Apr 8.

PMID: 24721258 Similar articles Select item 2457100879.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis associated with ritual nasal rinsing—St Thomas, US Virgin Islands, 2012.

[No authors listed]

Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;58(3):ii. No abstract available.

PMID: 24571008 Similar articles Select item 1499745880.

[Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a case report].

Cubero-Menéndez O, Cubero-Rego D.

Rev Neurol. 2004 Feb 16-29;38(4):336-8. Spanish.

PMID: 14997458 Free Article Similar articles

Detection of biomarkers of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri through mass spectrometry and proteomics.

Moura H, Izquierdo F, Woolfitt AR, Wagner G, Pinto T, del Aguila C, Barr JR.

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2015 Jan-Feb;62(1):12-20. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12178. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

PMID: 25231600 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2223817082.

Fatal Naegleria fowleri infection acquired in Minnesota: possible expanded range of a deadly thermophilic organism.

Kemble SK, Lynfield R, DeVries AS, Drehner DM, Pomputius WF 3rd, Beach MJ, Visvesvara GS, da Silva AJ, Hill VR, Yoder JS, Xiao L, Smith KE, Danila R.

Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;54(6):805-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir961. Epub 2012 Jan 11.

PMID: 22238170 Similar articles Select item 2382990683.

Infections with free-living amebae.

Visvesvara GS.

Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;114:153-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00010-8. Review.

PMID: 23829906 Similar articles Select item 2331275584.

Fatal consequences of freshwater pearl diving.

Phu NH, Hoang Mai NT, Nghia HD, Chau TT, Loc PP, Thai le H, Phuong TM, Thai CQ, Man DN, Van Vinh Chau N, Nga TV, Campbell J, Baker S, Whitehorn J.

Lancet. 2013 Jan 12;381(9861):176. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61730-9. No abstract available.

PMID: 23312755 Similar articles Select item 1142570485.

Assessing the risk of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis from swimming in the presence of environmental Naegleria fowleri.

Cabanes PA, Wallet F, Pringuez E, Pernin P.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;67(7):2927-31.

PMID: 11425704 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1608197886.

Isolation and molecular typing of Naegleria fowleri from the brain of a cow that died of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Visvesvara GS, De Jonckheere JF, Sriram R, Daft B.

J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Aug;43(8):4203-4.

PMID: 16081978 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2129160087.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri, Karachi, Pakistan.

Shakoor S, Beg MA, Mahmood SF, Bandea R, Sriram R, Noman F, Ali F, Visvesvara GS, Zafar A.

Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Feb;17(2):258-61. doi: 10.3201/eid1702.100442.

PMID: 21291600 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1647552588.

Seasonal meningoencephalitis in Holstein cattle caused by Naegleria fowleri.

Daft BM, Visvesvara GS, Read DH, Kinde H, Uzal FA, Manzer MD.

J Vet Diagn Invest. 2005 Nov;17(6):605-9.

PMID: 16475525 Similar articles Select item 2654057989.

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Associated with Hot Spring Exposure During International Travel - Seminole County, Florida, July 2014.

Booth PJ, Bodager D, Slade TA, Jett S.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Nov 6;64(43):1226. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6443a5. No abstract available.

PMID: 26540579 Free Article Similar articles Select item 1844493490.

Use of organs for transplantation from a donor with primary meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

Bennett WM, Nespral JF, Rosson MW, McEvoy KM.

Am J Transplant. 2008 Jun;8(6):1334-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02217.x. Epub 2008 Apr 29.

PMID: 18444934 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2291900091.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis deaths associated with sinus irrigation using contaminated tap water.

Yoder JS, Straif-Bourgeois S, Roy SL, Moore TA, Visvesvara GS, Ratard RC, Hill VR, Wilson JD, Linscott AJ, Crager R, Kozak NA, Sriram R, Narayanan J, Mull B, Kahler AM, Schneeberger C, da Silva AJ, Poudel M, Baumgarten KL, Xiao L, Beach MJ.

Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(9):e79-85. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis626. Epub 2012 Aug 22.

PMID: 22919000 Similar articles Select item 2748044692.

Excretory and Secretory Proteins of Naegleria fowleri Induce Inflammatory Responses in BV-2 Microglial Cells.

Lee J, Kang JM, Kim TI, Kim JH, Sohn HJ, Na BK, Shin HJ.

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2017 Mar;64(2):183-192. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12350. Epub 2016 Aug 23.

PMID: 27480446 Similar articles Select item 1257709893.

Naegleria meningitis: a rare survival.

Jain R, Prabhakar S, Modi M, Bhatia R, Sehgal R.

Neurol India. 2002 Dec;50(4):470-2.

PMID: 12577098 Free Article Similar articles Select item 891616194.

Các nội dung khác »

---