Ung thư là những căn bệnh ác tính với sự tác động trên bất cứ cơ quan nào tro ng cơ thể, đến bất cứ giới tính và độ tuổi nào. Trong những năm gần đây, bệnh ung thư có xu hướng trẻ hóa độ tuổi, có nghĩa là số ca mắc ung thư trên người trẻ ngày càng nhiều hơn so với 10 năm trước đây. Điều đó, cho thấy hiện có nhiều yếu tố tác động vào tỷ lệ mắc mới bệnh ung thưhay do sự phát hiện sớm các bệnh lý thông qua các kỹ thuật chẩn đoán tối ưu, hiện đại mà hiện nay đang áp dụng trên thế giới và Việt Nam.

Một trong những thành tưu đó chính là xét nghiệm các chỉ điểm khối u hay gọi là chỉ điểm sinh học khối u (tumor markers) tùy thuộc vào từng cơ quan đích sẽ có các chỉ điểm đặc hiệu riêng. tuy nhiên sự đặc hiệu đó không phải lúc nào cũng tuyệt đối và còn có một tỷ lệ sai sót hay nói đúng hơn là chỉ số này còn bị nhiễu bởi một số tình trạng bệnh lý khác nhau đã từng gặp trên lâm sàng. Nhiều nghiên cứu gần đây đã chứng minh điều đó qua các nghiên cứu cập nhật hàng năm thông qua các hội thảo chuyên đề ung thư.

Interleukin-8 as a prognostic serum marker in canine mammary gland neoplasias.Gelaleti GB, Jardim BV, Leonel C, Moschetta MG, Zuccari DA.Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Apr 15;146(2):106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Feb 17.PMID: 22405680 Similar articles Select item 22323652.

[Ectopic hormone formation and tumor markers in bronchial neoplasms].Staub JJ, Heitz PU.Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1979 Jun 2;109(22):810-6. German. PMID: 223236 Similar articles Select item 2007131153.

[The diagnostic value of microsatellite LOH analysis and the prognostic relevance of angiogenic gene expression in urinary bladder cancer].Szarvas T.Magy o­nkol. 2009 Dec;53(4):385-9. doi: 10.1556/MOnkol.53.2009.4.8. Hungarian. PMID: 20071311Free Article Similar articles Select item 243798354.

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Tumour markers in diagnosis and management.Warnes TW, Smith A.Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1987 Jan;1(1):63-89. Review.PMID: 2437983 Similar articles Select item 1966219555.

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Prognostic and predictive potential molecular biomarkers in colon cancer.Nastase A, Pâslaru L, Niculescu AM, Ionescu M, Dumitraşcu T, Herlea V, Dima S, Gheorghe C, Lazar V, Popescu I.Chirurgia (Bucur). 2011 Mar-Apr;106(2):177-85.PMID: 21696062 Similar articles Select item 1989159557.

Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1): a patented prostate- specific non-coding gene and regulator of prostate cancer progression.Ifere GO, Ananaba GA.Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq. 2009;3(3):151-63. Review.PMID: 19891595 Similar articles Select item 215868458.

[Tumor markers in testicular cancer].Mann K.Urologe A. 1990 Mar;29(2):77-86. Review. German. PMID: 2158684Similar articles Select item 948830659.

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vascular density as prognostic markers of survival in patients with low-grade astrocytoma.Abdulrauf SI, Edvardsen K, Ho KL, Yang XY, Rock JP, Rosenblum ML.J Neurosurg. 1998 Mar;88(3):513-20.PMID: 9488306 Similar articles Select item 779407560.

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Oncogene protein co-expression. Value of Ha-ras, c-myc, c-fos, and p53 as prognostic discriminants for breast carcinoma.Bland KI, Konstadoulakis MM, Vezeridis MP, Wanebo HJ.Ann Surg. 1995 Jun;221(6):706-18; discussion 718-20.PMID: 7794075 Free PMC Article Similar articles

[Tumor marker analyses--valuable tools if used correctly].Børmer OP, Paus E, Nustad K, Theodorsen L.Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1994 Nov 20;114(28):3317-20. Norwegian. PMID: 7809890 Similar articles Select item 869455562.

Classification of tumor markers.Suresh MR.Anticancer Res. 1996 Jul-Aug;16(4B):2273-7. Review.PMID: 8694555 Similar articles Select item 254973163.

[Tumor markers in bronchus cancer].Gasser RW, Denz H, Huber H.Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1989 Jul 14;101(14):476-9. Review. German. PMID: 2549731 Similar articles Select item 1978970464.

Analysis of cancer mutation signatures in blood by a novel ultra-sensitive assay: monitoring of therapy or recurrence in non-metastatic breast cancer.Chen Z, Feng J, Buzin CH, Liu Q, Weiss L, Kernstine K, Somlo G, Sommer SS.PLoS o­ne. 2009 Sep 28;4(9):e7220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007220.PMID: 19789704 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 652710565.

Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and predictive value of the determination of tumour markers.Wagener C.J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1984 Dec;22(12):969-79.PMID: 6527105 Similar articles Select item 2488607466.

A lactate shuttle system between tumour and stromal cells is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer.Pértega-Gomes N, Vizcaíno JR, Attig J, Jurmeister S, Lopes C, Baltazar F.BMC Cancer. 2014 May 21;14:352. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-352.PMID: 24886074 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1474374267.

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The possible evolutionary role of tumors in the origin of new cell types.Kozlov AP.Med Hypotheses. 2010 Jan;74(1):177-85. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.027. Epub 2009 Aug 8.PMID: 19665850 Similar articles Select item 2164436570.

[Overview of potential o­ncomarkers for detection of early stages of ovarian cancer].Urban P, Bilecová-Rabajdová M, Stefeková Z, Ostró A, Mareková M.Klin o­nkol. 2011;24(2):106-11. Review. Slovak. PMID: 21644365Similar articles Select item 2220904971.

Circulating tumour cells, their role in metastasis and their clinical utility in lung cancer.O'Flaherty JD, Gray S, Richard D, Fennell D, O'Leary JJ, Blackhall FH, O'Byrne KJ.Lung Cancer. 2012 Apr;76(1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.10.018. Epub 2011 Dec 29. Review.PMID: 22209049 Similar articles Select item 1031767172.

Tumor marker. The laboratory's role in cancer patient management.[No authors listed]J Health Care Technol. 1985 Fall;2(2):105-28.PMID: 10317671 Similar articles Select item 2265266173.

Assessing the clinical significance of tumor markers in common neoplasms.Beketic-Oreskovic L, Maric P, Ozretic P, Oreskovic D, Ajdukovic M, Levanat S.Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jun 1;4:2558-78. Review.PMID: 22652661 Similar articles Select item 367489174.

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[Significance of tumor markers in the treatment of cancer: hematologic malignancy].Sampi K.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1987 Nov;14(11):3041-5. Japanese. PMID: 3674891 Similar articles Select item 2356480675.

Better outcomes by monitoring tumour dynamics using sensitive tumour markers in patients with recurrent gastric cancer.Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Nishimura Y, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Konishi H, Murayama Y, Kuriu Y, Ikoma H, Nakanishi M, Otsuji E.Anticancer Res. 2013 Apr;33(4):1621-7. Erratum in: Anticancer Res. 2013 Aug;33(8):3519. PMID: 23564806 Similar articles Select item 2354239976.

Organ Specific Tumor Markers: What's New?Vaidyanathan K, Vasudevan DM.Indian J Clin Biochem. 2012 Apr;27(2):110-20. doi: 10.1007/s12291-011-0173-8. Epub 2011 Nov 8.PMID: 23542399 Free PMC Article Similar articles

Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumor Markers in o­ncology.Holdenrieder S, Pagliaro L, Morgenstern D, Dayyani F.Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:9795269. doi: 10.1155/2016/9795269. Epub 2016 Nov 30. Review.PMID:28042579 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 229990102.

Personalized o­ncology: recent advances and future challenges.Kalia M.Metabolism. 2013 Jan;62 Suppl 1:S11-4. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.08.016. Epub 2012 Sep 19. Review.PMID: 22999010 Similar articles Select item 260638893.

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Circulating Biomarkers for Prediction of Treatment Response.Cappelletti V, Appierto V, Tiberio P, Fina E, Callari M, Daidone MG.J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2015 May;2015(51):60-3. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgv006.PMID: 26063889Similar articles Select item 281963864.

[Liquid Biopsy: Detection of Molecular Markers for Treatment Decisions in Lung Cancer].Brückl WM, Wirtz RM, Bertsch T, Ficker JH, Jung A.Pneumologie. 2017 Mar;71(3):151-163. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-123803. Epub 2017 Feb 14. Review. German. PMID: 28196386 Similar articles Select item 264657395.

Assessment of a Combined Panel of Six Serum Tumor Markers for Lung Cancer.Molina R, Marrades RM, Augé JM, Escudero JM, Viñolas N, Reguart N, Ramirez J, Filella X, Molins L, Agustí A.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb 15;193(4):427-37. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201404-0603OC.PMID: 26465739 Similar articles Select item 259082436.

Do circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and circulating tumor nucleic acids have clinical utility? A report of the association for molecular pathology.Gold B, Cankovic M, Furtado LV, Meier F, Gocke CD.J Mol Diagn. 2015 May;17(3):209-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.02.001. Review.PMID: 25908243 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 258742267.

Challenges in using circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers.Tiberio P, Callari M, Angeloni V, Daidone MG, Appierto V.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:731479. doi: 10.1155/2015/731479. Epub 2015 Mar 22. Review.PMID: 25874226 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 206103478.

Molecular pathology in adult gliomas: diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers.Jansen M, Yip S, Louis DN.Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jul;9(7):717-26. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70105-8. Review.PMID: 20610347 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 203705879.

Micromarkers: miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Ferracin M, Veronese A, Negrini M.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2010 Apr;10(3):297-308. doi: 10.1586/erm.10.11. Review.PMID: 20370587 Similar articles Select item 2650915810.

Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics.Kirwan A, Utratna M, O'Dwyer ME, Joshi L, Kilcoyne M.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:490531. doi: 10.1155/2015/490531. Epub 2015 Oct 5. Review.PMID: 26509158 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2690795711.

Serum tumor markers in chronic kidney disease: as clinical tool in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancers.Amiri FS.Ren Fail. 2016;38(4):530-44. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2016.1148523. Epub 2016 Feb 24. Review.PMID: 26907957 Similar articles Select item 2648325112.

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[Cytological material for molecular pathology].Heukamp LC, Bubendorf L.Pathologe. 2015 Nov;36(6):566-71. Review. German. PMID: 26483251 Similar articles Select item 2245890013.

Emerging critical role of molecular testing in diagnostic genitourinary pathology.Netto GJ, Cheng L.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Apr;136(4):372-90. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0471-RA. Review.PMID: 22458900 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2552963314.

Toward biosensors for the detection of circulating microRNA as a cancer biomarker: an overview of the challenges and successes.Tavallaie R, De Almeida SR, Gooding JJ.Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015 Jul-Aug;7(4):580-92. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1324. Epub 2014 Dec 22. Review.PMID: 25529633 Similar articles Select item 2214526715.

Circulating tumour cells and circulating endothelial cells as biomarkers in o­ncology.Strijbos MH.Acta Clin Belg. 2011 Sep-Oct;66(5):332-6. Review.PMID: 22145267 Similar articles Select item 2713205816.

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Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis.Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PM, Shaikh R, Farquhar C, Jordan V, Scheffers CS, Mol BW, Johnson N, Hull ML.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 1;(5):CD012179. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012179. Review.PMID: 27132058 Similar articles Select item 2324920417.

Moving forward in bladder cancer detection and diagnosis: the role of epigenetic biomarkers.Oliveira AI, Jerónimo C, Henrique R.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012 Nov;12(8):871-8. doi: 10.1586/erm.12.114. Review.PMID: 23249204 Similar articles Select item 1145120918.

Clinical uses of tumor markers: a critical review.Duffy MJ.Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2001 Jun;38(3):225-62. Review.PMID: 11451209 Similar articles Select item 2815740619.

Biomarker, Molecular, and Technologic Advances in Urologic Pathology, o­ncology, and Imaging.Ellis CL, Harik LR, Cohen C, Osunkoya AO.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017 Apr;141(4):499-516. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0263-SA. Epub 2017 Feb 3. Review.PMID: 28157406 Similar articles Select item 2647108220.

Lung Cancer Biomarkers.I H, Cho JY.Adv Clin Chem. 2015;72:107-70. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Sep 3. Review.PMID: 26471082 Similar articles

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Diagnostic potential of circulating nucleic acids for o­ncology.Goessl C.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2003 Jul;3(4):431-42. Review.PMID: 12877383 Similar articles Select item 2622939622.

Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer.Kishikawa T, Otsuka M, Ohno M, Yoshikawa T, Takata A, Koike K.World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 28;21(28):8527-40. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8527. Review.PMID: 26229396 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2444378823.

High prevalence of Y-box protein-1/p18 fragment in plasma of patients with malignancies of different origin.Tacke F, Galm O, Kanig N, Yagmur E, Brandt S, Lindquist JA, Eberhardt CS, Raffetseder U, Mertens PR.BMC Cancer. 2014 Jan 20;14:33. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-33.PMID: 24443788 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2637939224.

Circulating microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools for hepatocellular carcinoma.Zhang YC, Xu Z, Zhang TF, Wang YL.World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep 14;21(34):9853-62. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9853. Review.PMID: 26379392 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2156258025.

Cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in cancer patients.Schwarzenbach H, Hoon DS, Pantel K.Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Jun;11(6):426-37. doi: 10.1038/nrc3066. Epub 2011 May 12. Review.PMID: 21562580 Similar articles Select item 2136468726.

Emerging molecular biomarkers--blood-based strategies to detect and monitor cancer.Hanash SM, Baik CS, Kallioniemi O.Nat Rev Clin o­ncol. 2011 Mar;8(3):142-50. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.220. Review.PMID: 21364687 Similar articles Select item 2639470127.

Emerging circulating biomarkers in glioblastoma: promises and challenges.Touat M, Duran-Peña A, Alentorn A, Lacroix L, Massard C, Idbaih A.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(10):1311-23. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1087315. Review.PMID: 26394701 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2457476828.

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Circulating and stool nucleic acid analysis for colorectal cancer diagnosis.De Maio G, Rengucci C, Zoli W, Calistri D.World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jan 28;20(4):957-67. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.957. Review.PMID: 24574768 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2367026329.

[Molecular diagnostics in pathology].Stenzinger A, Penzel R, Endris V, Weichert W.Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2013 May;138(20):1061-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343106. Epub 2013 May 13. Review. German. PMID: 23670263 Similar articles Select item 2111087730.

Serum microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer.Brase JC, Wuttig D, Kuner R, Sültmann H.Mol Cancer. 2010 Nov 26;9:306. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-306. Review.PMID: 21110877 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1673016631.

Autoantibody biomarkers in the detection of cancer.Cho-Chung YS.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jun;1762(6):587-91. Epub 2006 Apr 19. Review.PMID: 16730166 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2775632332.

Excerpts from the 1st international NTNU symposium o­n current and future clinical biomarkers of cancer: innovation and implementation, June 16th and 17th 2016, Trondheim, Norway.Robles AI, Olsen KS, Tsui DW, Georgoulias V, Creaney J, Dobra K, Vyberg M, Minato N, Anders RA, Børresen-Dale AL, Zhou J, Sætrom P, Nielsen BS, Kirschner MB, Krokan HE, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Tsamardinos I, Røe OD.J Transl Med. 2016 Oct 19;14(1):295.PMID: 27756323 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2676442133.

Methylated circulating tumor DNA in blood: power in cancer prognosis and response.Warton K, Mahon KL, Samimi G.Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016 Mar;23(3):R157-71. doi: 10.1530/ERC-15-0369. Epub 2016 Jan 13. Review.PMID: 26764421 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2423533234.

[Response predictive biomarkers to targeted therapies in o­ncology].Harlé A, Merlin JL.Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2013 Nov;71:89-97. doi: 10.1684/abc.2013.0906. Review. French. PMID: 24235332 Similar articles Select item 2656820835.

Circulating tumor DNA for triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions.Saliou A, Bidard FC, Lantz O, Stern MH, Vincent-Salomon A, Proudhon C, Pierga JY.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2016;16(1):39-50. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1121100. Epub 2015 Dec 9. Review.PMID: 26568208 Similar articles Select item 2633820936.

Micromarkers 2.0: an update o­n the role of microRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Ferracin M, Negrini M.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(10):1369-81. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1081058. Epub 2015 Sep 4. Review.PMID: 26338209 Similar articles Select item 2598036837.

A novel mixed integer programming for multi-biomarker panel identification by distinguishing malignant from benign colorectal tumors.Zou M, Zhang PJ, Wen XY, Chen L, Tian YP, Wang Y.Methods. 2015 Jul 15;83:3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.05.011. Epub 2015 May 15.PMID: 25980368 Similar articles Select item 2634433738.

Cancer screening through a multi-analyte serum biomarker panel during health check-up examinations: Results from a 12-year experience.Wen YH, Chang PY, Hsu CM, Wang HY, Chiu CT, Lu JJ.Clin Chim Acta. 2015 Oct 23;450:273-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 3.PMID: 26344337 Similar articles Select item 2633566439.

Liquid biopsy: will it be the 'magic tool' for monitoring response of solid tumors to anticancer therapies?Gingras I, Salgado R, Ignatiadis M.Curr Opin o­ncol. 2015 Nov;27(6):560-7. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000223. Review.PMID: 26335664 Similar articles Select item 2610659940.

Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers: Where Are We Now?Gonzalez-Pons M, Cruz-Correa M.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:149014. doi: 10.1155/2015/149014. Epub 2015 May 27. Review.PMID: 26106599 Free PMC Article Similar articles

[Possibilities of molecular diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma].Junker K.Aktuelle Urol. 2014 Sep;45(5):370-3. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1389946. Epub 2014 Sep 17. German. PMID: 25230022 Similar articles Select item 2755335442.

Pathologists and liquid biopsies: to be or not to be?Hofman P, Popper HH.Virchows Arch. 2016 Dec;469(6):601-609. Epub 2016 Aug 23. Review.PMID: 27553354 Similar articles Select item 2402965543.

Applying PET to broaden the diagnostic utility of the clinically validated CA19.9 serum biomarker for o­ncology.Viola-Villegas NT, Rice SL, Carlin S, Wu X, Evans MJ, Sevak KK, Drobjnak M, Ragupathi G, Sawada R, Scholz WW, Livingston PO, Lewis JS.J Nucl Med. 2013 Nov;54(11):1876-82. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.119867. Epub 2013 Sep 12.PMID: 24029655 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2691951244.

Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis.Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PM, Farquhar C, Johnson N, Hull ML.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 26;2:CD009591. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009591.pub2. Review.PMID: 26919512 Similar articles Select item 2019673145.

Circulating nucleic acids as a potential source for cancer biomarkers.Vlassov VV, Laktionov PP, Rykova EY.Curr Mol Med. 2010 Mar;10(2):142-65. Review.PMID: 20196731 Similar articles Select item 2324919946.

Molecular pathology as the driving force for personalized o­ncology.Oktay MH, Hui P.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012 Nov;12(8):811-3. doi: 10.1586/erm.12.121.PMID: 23249199 Similar articles Select item 1757971647.

Detection of venous thromboembolism by proteomic serum biomarkers.Ganesh SK, Sharma Y, Dayhoff J, Fales HM, Van Eyk J, Kickler TS, Billings EM, Nabel EG.PLoS o­ne. 2007 Jun 20;2(6):e544.PMID: 17579716 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2568990148.

Circulating microRNAs: potential biomarkers for common malignancies.Khoury S, Tran N.Biomark Med. 2015;9(2):131-51. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.102. Review.PMID: 25689901 Free Article Similar articles Select item 1243537249.

Circulating DNA: a new diagnostic gold mine?Ziegler A, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Stahel RA.Cancer Treat Rev. 2002 Oct;28(5):255-71. Review.PMID: 12435372 Similar articles Select item 2679767150.

Blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.Yörüker EE, Holdenrieder S, Gezer U.Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Apr 1;455:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.016. Epub 2016 Jan 18. Review.PMID: 26797671 Similar articles Select item 1979545551.

A blood-based biomarker panel for stratifying current risk for colorectal cancer.Marshall KW, Mohr S, Khettabi FE, Nossova N, Chao S, Bao W, Ma J, Li XJ, Liew CC.Int J Cancer. 2010 Mar 1;126(5):1177-86. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24910.PMID: 19795455 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2405757452.

Serologic autoantibodies as diagnostic cancer biomarkers--a review.Zaenker P, Ziman MR.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Dec;22(12):2161-81. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0621. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Review.PMID: 24057574 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2547685353.

Circulating miRNAs in cancer: from detection to therapy.Wang WT, Chen YQ.J Hematol o­ncol. 2014 Dec 5;7:86. doi: 10.1186/s13045-014-0086-0. Review.PMID: 25476853 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2223318754.

Current status of molecular markers for prognostication and outcome in invasive bladder cancer.Gakis G, Schwentner C, Todenhöfer T, Stenzl A.BJU Int. 2012 Jul;110(2):233-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10839.x. Epub 2012 Jan 11. Review.PMID: 22233187 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2070593655.

Cancer biomarkers: can we turn recent failures into success?Diamandis EP.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Oct 6;102(19):1462-7. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq306. Epub 2010 Aug 12.PMID: 20705936 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2665206756.

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis.Tóth K, Barták BK, Tulassay Z, Molnár B.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2016;16(2):239-52. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1132164. Epub 2016 Jan 18. Review.PMID: 26652067 Similar articles Select item 2212877257.

Improved blood tests for cancer screening: general or specific?Cree IA.BMC Cancer. 2011 Nov 30;11:499. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-499.PMID: 22128772 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2683122458.

Clinical Value of Tumor Markers for Determining Cause of Pleural Effusion.Gu Y, Zhai K, Shi HZ.Chin Med J (Engl). 2016 Feb 5;129(3):253-8. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.174501.PMID: 26831224 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2538809759.

Combined evaluation of a panel of protein and miRNA serum-exosome biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis increases sensitivity and specificity.Madhavan B, Yue S, Galli U, Rana S, Gross W, Müller M, Giese NA, Kalthoff H, Becker T, Büchler MW, Zöller M.Int J Cancer. 2015 Jun 1;136(11):2616-27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29324. Epub 2014 Nov 25.PMID: 25388097 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2629973860.

[Potential of Cell-free Circulating DNA in Diagnosis of Cancer].Kubaczková V, Sedlaříková L, Bešše L, Almaši M, Hájek R, Ševčíková S.Klin o­nkol. 2015;28(4):251-9. Review. Czech. PMID: 26299738 Similar articles

Pretherapeutic evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer using endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasonography.Mortensen MB.Dan Med J. 2012 Dec;59(12):B4568. Review.PMID: 23290296 Similar articles Select item 2630651362.

Diagnostic markers for germ cell neoplasms: from placental-like alkaline phosphatase to micro-RNAs.Rajpert-De Meyts E, Nielsen JE, Skakkebaek NE, Almstrup K.Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2015;53(3):177-88. doi: 10.5603/FHC.a2015.0020. Epub 2015 Aug 26. Review.PMID: 26306513 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2707709663.

Circulating Cancer Biomarkers: The Macro-revolution of the Micro-RNA.Montani F, Bianchi F.EBioMedicine. 2016 Feb 28;5:4-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.038. eCollection 2016 Mar. Review.PMID: 27077096 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 1862616464.

The application of C12 biochip in the diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer: systematic evaluation and suggestion for improvement.Chen C, Chen LQ, Yang GL, Li Y.J Postgrad Med. 2008 Jul-Sep;54(3):186-90.PMID: 18626164 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2611913265.

The circulating transcriptome as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers: concepts and controversies of non-coding and coding RNA in body fluids.Fernandez-Mercado M, Manterola L, Larrea E, Goicoechea I, Arestin M, Armesto M, Otaegui D, Lawrie CH.J Cell Mol Med. 2015 Oct;19(10):2307-23. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12625. Epub 2015 Jun 27. Review.PMID: 26119132 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2618964166.

Detecting cancer biomarkers in blood: challenges for new molecular diagnostic and point-of-care tests using cell-free nucleic acids.Lewis JM, Heineck DP, Heller MJ.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(9):1187-200. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1069709. Epub 2015 Jul 18. Review.PMID: 26189641Similar articles Select item 1908265467.

Improved diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma using haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in a panel screen.Firpo MA, Gay DZ, Granger SR, Scaife CL, DiSario JA, Boucher KM, Mulvihill SJ.World J Surg. 2009 Apr;33(4):716-22. doi: 10.1007/s00268-008-9853-9.PMID: 19082654 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2057664368.

Systemic miRNA-195 differentiates breast cancer from other malignancies and is a potential biomarker for detecting noninvasive and early stage disease.Heneghan HM, Miller N, Kelly R, Newell J, Kerin MJ.Oncologist. 2010;15(7):673-82. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0103. Epub 2010 Jun 24.PMID: 20576643 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2413362969.

Early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer at diagnosis: a prospective study using a novel panel of TMPRSS2:ETS fusion gene markers.Chan SW, Nguyen PN, Violette P, Brimo F, Taguchi Y, Aprikian A, Chen JZ.Cancer Med. 2013 Feb;2(1):63-75. doi: 10.1002/cam4.49. Epub 2013 Feb 3.PMID: 24133629 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2553507970.

The promise of novel molecular markers in bladder cancer.Miremami J, Kyprianou N.Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Dec 22;15(12):23897-908. doi: 10.3390/ijms151223897. Review.PMID: 25535079 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2594879671.

[Non- PSA serum markers for the diagnosis of PCa].Mengual L, Musquera M, Ciudin A, Ribal MJ.Arch Esp Urol. 2015 Apr;68(3):229-39. Review. Spanish. PMID: 25948796 Similar articles Select item 1200522172.

Serum cytokeratin fragment 21.1 (CYFRA 21.1) as tumour marker for breast cancer: comparison with carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).Giovanella L, Ceriani L, Giardina G, Bardelli D, Tanzi F, Garancini S.Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Mar;40(3):298-303.PMID: 12005221 Similar articles Select item 2697184473.

Neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers: From monoanalytes to transcripts and algorithms.Modlin IM, Bodei L, Kidd M.Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;30(1):59-77. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.01.002. Epub 2016 Jan 18. Review.PMID: 26971844 Similar articles Select item 2593435974.

Circulating biomarkers in malignant melanoma.Alegre E, Sammamed M, Fernández-Landázuri S, Zubiri L, González Á.Adv Clin Chem. 2015;69:47-89. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.12.002. Epub 2015 Feb 7. Review.PMID: 25934359 Similar articles Select item 2532051775.

Potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic markers for human gastric cancer.Tsai MM, Wang CS, Tsai CY, Chi HC, Tseng YH, Lin KH.World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 14;20(38):13791-803. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13791. Review.PMID: 25320517 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2514003576.

Identification of 9 serum microRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers of human astrocytoma.Zhi F, Shao N, Wang R, Deng D, Xue L, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Xia X, Wang S, Lan Q, Yang Y.Neuro o­ncol. 2015 Mar;17(3):383-91. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou169. Epub 2014 Aug 18.PMID: 25140035 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2082718977.

New molecular and surrogate biomarker-based tests in the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection in febrile neutropenic patients.Chen SC, Kontoyiannis DP.Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Dec;23(6):567-77. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833ef7d1. Review.PMID: 20827189 Similar articles Select item 2237290178.

Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics of pleural malignant mesothelioma.Betta PG, Magnani C, Bensi T, Trincheri NF, Orecchia S.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Mar;136(3):253-61. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2010-0604-RA. Review.PMID: 22372901 Similar articles Select item 2624815379.

Review of Commonly Used Serum Tumor Markers and Their Relevance for Image Interpretation.Reiter MJ, Costello JE, Schwope RB, Lisanti CJ, Osswald MB.J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2015 Nov-Dec;39(6):825-34. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000297. Review.PMID: 26248153 Similar articles Select item 2601551680.

Head-to-Head Comparison and Evaluation of 92 Plasma Protein Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer in a True Screening Setting.Chen H, Zucknick M, Werner S, Knebel P, Brenner H.Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jul 15;21(14):3318-26. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3051. Epub 2015 May 26.PMID: 26015516 Free Article Similar articles

Personalized care in neuro-oncology coming of age: why we need MGMT and 1p/19q testing for malignant glioma patients in clinical practice.Weller M, Stupp R, Hegi ME, van den Bent M, Tonn JC, Sanson M, Wick W, Reifenberger G.Neuro o­ncol. 2012 Sep;14 Suppl 4:iv100-8. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nos206. Review.PMID: 23095825 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2525341882.

Circulating glioma biomarkers.Kros JM, Mustafa DM, Dekker LJ, Sillevis Smitt PA, Luider TM, Zheng PP.Neuro o­ncol. 2015 Mar;17(3):343-60. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou207. Epub 2014 Sep 24. Review.PMID: 25253418 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2160494383.

Tumor markers in prostate cancer I: blood-based markers.Shariat SF, Semjonow A, Lilja H, Savage C, Vickers AJ, Bjartell A.Acta o­ncol. 2011 Jun;50 Suppl 1:61-75. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2010.542174. Review.PMID: 21604943 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2237807284.

Immunomarkers in gynecologic cytology: the search for the ideal 'biomolecular Papanicolaou test'.Pinto AP, Degen M, Villa LL, Cibas ES.Acta Cytol. 2012;56(2):109-21. doi: 10.1159/000335065. Epub 2012 Feb 17. Review.PMID: 22378072 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2238519985.

Tapping the potential of quantum dots for personalized o­ncology: current status and future perspectives.Chen C, Peng J, Sun SR, Peng CW, Li Y, Pang DW.Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Mar;7(3):411-28. doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.9. Review.PMID: 22385199 Similar articles Select item 2740558386.

Combination of the non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of endometriosis.Nisenblat V, Prentice L, Bossuyt PM, Farquhar C, Hull ML, Johnson N.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 13;7:CD012281. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012281. Review.PMID: 27405583 Similar articles Select item 2679664987.

[The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients].Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L.Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016 Jan;55(1):25-30. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2016.01.007. Chinese. PMID: 26796649 Similar articles Select item 1957835588.

Prostate kallikrein markers in diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis.Ulmert D, O'Brien MF, Bjartell AS, Lilja H.Nat Rev Urol. 2009 Jul;6(7):384-91. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2009.123. Review.PMID: 19578355 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2637939189.

Recent advances in the molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer.Kanda M, Kodera Y.World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep 14;21(34):9838-52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838. Review.PMID: 26379391 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2320182390.

Development and validation of a plasma biomarker panel for discerning clinical significance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.Daly S, Rinewalt D, Fhied C, Basu S, Mahon B, Liptay MJ, Hong E, Chmielewski G, Yoder MA, Shah PN, Edell ES, Maldonado F, Bungum AO, Borgia JA.J Thorac o­ncol. 2013 Jan;8(1):31-6. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31827627f8.PMID: 23201823 Free Article Similar articles Select item 2579351091.

Blood-based protein biomarker panel for the detection of colorectal cancer.Fung KY, Tabor B, Buckley MJ, Priebe IK, Purins L, Pompeia C, Brierley GV, Lockett T, Gibbs P, Tie J, McMurrick P, Moore J, Ruszkiewicz A, Nice E, Adams TE, Burgess A, Cosgrove LJ.PLoS o­ne. 2015 Mar 20;10(3):e0120425. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120425. eCollection 2015.PMID: 25793510 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2307439292.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of myocardial viability: an evidence-based analysis.Health Quality o­ntario.Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2010;10(15):1-45. Epub 2010 Jul 1.PMID: 23074392 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 2307441193.

Single photon emission computed tomography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: an evidence-based analysis.Health Quality o­ntario.Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2010;10(8):1-64. Epub 2010 Jun 1.PMID: 23074411 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 856929794.

Tumor markers. An update.Pamies RJ, Crawford DR.Med Clin North Am. 1996 Jan;80(1):185-99. Review.PMID: 8569297 Similar articles Select item 2802581995.

Circulating tumor markers: a guide to their appropriate clinical use | Comparative summary of recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (PART 1)Gion M, Trevisiol C, Rutjes AW, Rainato G, Fabricio AS.Int J Biol Markers. 2016 Dec 23;31(4):e332-e367. doi: 10.5301/jbm.5000251. No abstract available. PMID: 28025819 Similar articles Select item 1147190096.

Serum tumor markers: past, state of the art, and future.Thomas CM, Sweep CG.Int J Biol Markers. 2001 Apr-Jun;16(2):73-86. Review.PMID: 11471900 Similar articles Select item 2362986697.

Inflammation markers: new actors in the cancer biomarker tale.Gion M, Fabricio AS.Int J Biol Markers. 2013 Apr 18;28(1):1-2. doi: 10.5301/JBM.2013.11045. No abstract available. PMID: 23629866 Similar articles Select item 2802581898.

Need for knowledge translation to improve tumor marker application.Gion M.Int J Biol Markers. 2016 Dec 23;31(4):e331. doi: 10.5301/jbm.5000250. No abstract available. PMID: 28025818 Similar articles Select item 248848099.

[Recent advances in the knowledge of biological markers of malignant tumors].Bellet D, Bidart JM, Bohuon C.Rev Med Interne. 1989 Sep-Oct;10(5):401-3. French. No abstract available. PMID: 2488480 Similar articles Select item 12017130100.

Therapeutic frontiers and molecular prognostic indicators in o­ncology. Workshop proceedings and abstracts. 25 May 2001, Italy.[No authors listed]Tumori. 2001 Nov-Dec;87(6):S1-28. No abstract available. PMID: 12017130 Similar articles

Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum: diagnosis and prognosis in cancer.Gahan PB.EPMA J. 2010 Sep;1(3):503-12. doi: 10.1007/s13167-010-0021-6. Epub 2010 Jun 9.PMID: 23199092 Free PMC Article Similar articles Select item 14692414102.

Emerging molecular markers in o­ncology: focused therapy, indicators of response, chemoprevention. Proceedings of a workshop. Rovigo, Italy. September 20, 2002.[No authors listed]Int J Biol Markers. 2003 Jan-Mar;18(1):34-86. No abstract available. PMID: 14692414 Similar articles Select item 29505183103.

Roles and Qualifications of TMS Treatment Team Members.Feifel D, Dunner DL, Press DZ; Board of Directors and Clinical Standards Committee of the Clinical TMS Society.J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Jan/Feb;79(1). pii: 17lr11887. doi: 10.4088/JCP.17lr11887. No abstract available. PMID: 29505183 Free Article Similar articles

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