Theo Tổ chức Y tế thế giới khu vực Tây Thái Bình Dương (WPRO) có hơn 200 bệnh lây truyền từ động vật sang người (zoonoses) được mô tả và có thể được phân loại theo dạng và tác nhân gây bệnh, như vi khuẩn, vi-rút, ký sinh trùng, nấm hay các tác nhân truyền nhiễm khác.

Những bệnh này là mối đe dọa đối với y tế công cộng, mặc dù phần lớn bệnh từ động vật có thể phòng tránh được, vẫn có nhiều bệnh chưa được hệ thống y tế quốc gia và quốc tế ưu tiên giải quyết và được gọi là những “bệnh bị lãng quên” (neglected diseases). Dưới đây là một số ấn phẩm nghiên cứu giúp bạn đọc quan tâm tham khảo.

1.APPA. 2012. APPA national pet owners survey 2011-2012. APPA, Washington, DC. http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp.

2.Krause-Parello CA. 2012. Pet ownership and older women: the relationships among loneliness, pet attachment support, human social support, and depressed mood. Geriatr. Nurs. 33:194–203.

3.McConnell AR, Brown CM, Shoda TM, Stayton LE, Martin CE. 2011. Friends with benefits: o­n the positive consequences of pet ownership. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 101:1239–1252.

4.Larsen BA, Lingaas F, 1997. Dogs and health. A review of documented connections. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 117:4375–4379.

5.Raina P, Waltner-Toews D, Bonnett B, Woodward C, Abernathy T. 1999. Influence of companion animals o­n the physical and psychological health of older people: an analysis of a o­ne-year longitudinal study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47:323–329.

6.Ballweber LR, Xiao L, Bowman DD, Kahn G, Cama VA. 2010. Giardiasis in dogs and cats: update o­n epidemiology and public health significance. Trends Parasitol. 26:180–189.

7.Jones JL, Dargelas V, Roberts J, Press C, Remington JS, Montoya JG . 2009. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49:878–884.

8.Barr SC. 2009. Canine Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) in North America. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 39:1055–1064.

9.Petersen CA. 2009. Leishmaniasis, an emerging disease found in companion animals in the United States. Top. Companion Anim. Med. 24:182–188.

10.Chuang YM, Ho YC, Chang HT, Yu CJ, Yang PC, Hsueh PR. 2008. Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:307–310.

11.Cribier BJ, Bakshi R, 2004. Terbinafine in the treatment of o­nychomycosis: a review of its efficacy in high-risk populations and in patients with nondermatophyte infections. Br. J. Dermatol. 150:414–420.

12.Dubey JP, Lindsay DS, Lappin MR. 2009. Toxoplasmosis and other intestinal coccidial infections in cats and dogs. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract 39:1009–1034

13.Dubey JP. 2009. History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Int. J. Parasitol. 39:877–882.

14.Elmore SA, Jones JL, Conrad PA, Patton S, Lindsay DS, Dubey JP. 2010. Toxoplasma gondii: epidemiology, feline clinical aspects, and prevention. Trends Parasitol. 26:190–196.

15.Malmasi A, Mosallanejad B, Mohebali M, Sharifian Fard M, Taheri M. 2009. Prevention of shedding and re-shedding of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in experimentally infected cats treated with oral clindamycin: a preliminary study. Zoonoses Public Health 56:102–104.

16.Dubey JP, Frenkel JK. 1976. Feline toxoplasmosis from acutely infected mice and the development of Toxoplasma cysts. J. Protozool. 23:537–546.

17.Yoshida N, Tyler KM, Llewellyn MS. 2011. Invasion mechanisms among emerging food-borne protozoan parasites. Trends Parasitol. 27:459–466.

18.Carruthers V, Boothroyd JC. 2007. Pulling together: an integrated model of Toxoplasma cell invasion. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 10:83–89.

19.Dubey JP. 2006. Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts. Vet. Parasitol. 140:69–75

20.Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. 2001. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154:357–365.

21.Weiss LM, Dubey JP. 2009. Toxoplasmosis: a history of clinical observations. Int. J. Parasitol. 39:895–901.

22.Lang C, Gross U, Luder CG. 2007. Subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses by Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol. Res. 100:191–203.

23.Munoz M, Liesenfeld O, Heimesaat MM. 2011. Immunology of Toxoplasma gondii. Immunol. Rev. 240:269–285.

24.Saeij JP, Boyle JP, Coller S, Taylor S, Sibley LD, Brooke-Powell ET, Ajioka JW, Boothroyd JC. 2006. Polymorphic secreted kinases are key virulence factors in toxoplasmosis. Science 314:1780–1783.

25.Saeij JP, Coller S, Boyle JP, Jerome ME, White MW, Boothroyd JC. 2007. Toxoplasma co-opts host gene expression by injection of a polymorphic kinase homologue. Nature 445:324–327.

26.Butcher BA, Kim L, Panopoulos AD, Watowich SS, Murray PJ, Denkers EY. 2005. IL-10-independent STAT3 activation by Toxoplasma gondii mediates suppression of IL-12 and TNF-alpha in host macrophages. J. Immunol. 174:3148–3152.

27.Lang C, Algner M, Beinert N, Gross U, Luder CG. 2006. Diverse mechanisms employed by Toxoplasma gondii to inhibit IFN-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression. Microbes Infect. 8:1994–2005.

28.Khan IA, Matsuura T, Kasper LH. 1995. IL-10 mediates immunosuppression following primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Parasite Immunol. 17:185–195.

29.Santos TA, Portes JA, Damasceno-Sa JC, Caldas LA, Souza W, Damatta RA, Seabra SH. 2011. Phosphatidylserine exposure by Toxoplasma gondii is fundamental to balance the immune response granting survival of the parasite and of the host. PLoS o­ne 6:e27867. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027867.

30.Vutova P, Wirth M, Hippe D, Gross U, Schulze-Osthoff K, Schmitz I, Luder CG. 2007. Toxoplasma gondii inhibits Fas/CD95-triggered cell death by inducing aberrant processing and degradation of caspase 8. Cell. Microbiol. 9:1556–1570.

31.Khan IA, Matsuura T, Kasper LH. 1996. Activation-mediated CD4+ T cell unresponsiveness during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Int. Immunol. 8:887–896.

32.Nash PB, Purner MB, Leon RP, Clarke P, Duke RC, Curiel TJ. 1998. Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells are resistant to multiple inducers of apoptosis. J. Immunol. 160:1824–1830.

33.House PK, Vyas A, Sapolsky R. 2011. Predator cat odors activate sexual arousal pathways in brains of Toxoplasma gondii infected rats. PLoS o­ne 6:e23277.

34.Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Butler JM, Blagburn BL. 1997. Mechanical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by dogs. Vet. Parasitol. 73:27–33.

35.Vollaire MR, Radecki SV, Lappin MR. 2005. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in clinically ill cats in the United States. Am. J. Vet. Res. 66:874–877.

36.Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Sanders-Lewis K, Wilson M. 2007. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999-2004, decline from the prior decade. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77:405–410.

37.Robert-Gangneux F, Darde ML. 2012. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 25:264–296.

38.Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas ME. 2009. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. Int. J. Parasitol. 39:1385–1394.

39.Conrad PA, Miller MA, Kreuder C, James ER, Mazet J, Dabritz H, Jessup DA, Gulland F, Grigg ME. 2005. Transmission of Toxoplasma: clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. Int. J. Parasitol. 35:1155–1168.

40.Shapiro K, Conrad PA, Mazet JA, Wallender WW, Miller WA, Largier JL. 2010. Effect of estuarine wetland degradation o­n transport of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from land to sea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:6821–6828.

41.Dubey JP, Hill DE, Jones JL, Hightower AW, Kirkland E, Roberts JM, Marcet PL, Lehmann T, Vianna MC, Miska K, Sreekumar C, Kwok OC, Shen SK, Gamble HR. 2005. Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. J. Parasitol. 91:1082–1093.

42.Boyer K, Hill D, Mui E, Wroblewski K, Karrison T, Dubey JP, Sautter M, Noble AG, Withers S, Swisher C, Heydemann P, Hosten T, Babiarz J, Lee D, Meier P, McLeod R. 2011. Unrecognized ingestion of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts leads to congenital toxoplasmosis and causes epidemics in North America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53:1081–1089.

43.Holland GN. 2003. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136:973–988.

44.Villena I, Ancelle T, Delmas C, Garcia P, Brezin AP, Thulliez P, Wallon M, King L, Goulet V. 2010. Congenital toxoplasmosis in France in 2007: first results from a national surveillance system. Euro Surveill. 15(25):pii=19600.

45.Jones JL, Roberts JM . 2012. Toxoplasmosis hospitalizations in the United States, 2008, and trends, 1993-2008. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54:e58–61.

46.Yoder JS, Harral C, Beach MJ. 2010. Giardiasis surveillance - United States, 2006-2008. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 59:15–25.

47.Yoder JS, Beach MJ. 2007. Giardiasis surveillance-United States, 2003-2005. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 56:11–18.

48.Feng Y, Xiao L. 2011. Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24:110–140.

49.Covacin C, Aucoin DP, Elliot A, Thompson RC. 2011. Genotypic characterisation of Giardia from domestic dogs in the USA. Vet. Parasitol. 177:28–32.

50.Ankarklev J, Jerlstrom-Hultqvist J, Ringqvist E, Troell K, Svard SG. 2010. Behind the smile: cell biology and disease mechanisms of Giardia species. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8:413–422.

51.Rendtorff RC. 1954. The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. II. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules. Am. J. Hyg. (Lond.) 59:209–220.

52.Hetsko ML, McCaffery JM, Svard SG, Meng TC, Que X, Gillin FD. 1998. Cellular and transcriptional changes during excystation of Giardia lamblia in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 88:172–183.

53.Reiner DS, Hetsko ML, Meszaros JG, Sun CH, Morrison HG, Brunton LL, Gillin FD. 2003. Calcium signaling in excystation of the early diverging eukaryote, Giardia lamblia. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2533–2540.

54.Ward W, Alvarado L, Rawlings ND, Engel JC, Franklin C, McKerrow JH. 1997. A primitive enzyme for a primitive cell: the protease required for excystation of Giardia. Cell 89:437–444.

55.Slavin I, Saura A, Carranza PG, Touz MC, Nores MJ, Lujan HD. 2002. Dephosphorylation of cyst wall proteins by a secreted lysosomal acid phosphatase is essential for excystation of Giardia lamblia. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 122:95–98.

56.Bernander R, Palm JE, Svard SG. 2001. Genome ploidy in different stages of the Giardia lamblia life cycle. Cell. Microbiol. 3:55–62.

57.Hagen KD, Hirakawa MP, House SA, Schwartz CL, Pham JK, Cipriano MJ, De La Torre MJ, Sek AC, Du G, Forsythe BM, Dawson SC. 2011. Novel structural components of the ventral disc and lateral crest in Giardia intestinalis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5:e1442. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001442.

58.Jenkins MC, O'Brien CN, Murphy C, Schwarz R, Miska K, Rosenthal B, Trout JM. 2009. Antibodies to the ventral disc protein delta-giardin prevent in vitro binding of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. J. Parasitol. 95:895–899.

59.Chin AC, Teoh DA, Scott KG, Meddings JB, Macnaughton WK, Buret AG. 2002. Strain-dependent induction of enterocyte apoptosis by Giardia lamblia disrupts epithelial barrier function in a caspase-3-dependent manner. Infect. Immun. 70:3673–3680.

60.Panaro MA, Cianciulli A, Mitolo V, Mitolo CI, Acquafredda A, Brandonisio O, Cavallo P. 2007. Caspase-dependent apoptosis of the HCT-8 epithelial cell line induced by the parasite Giardia intestinalis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 51:302–309.

61.Scott KG, Meddings JB, Kirk DR, Lees-Miller SP, Buret AG. 2002. Intestinal infection with Giardia spp. reduces epithelial barrier function in a myosin light chain kinase-dependent fashion. Gastroenterology 123:1179–1190.

62.Buret AG, Mitchell K, Muench DG, Scott KG. 2002. Giardia lamblia disrupts tight junctional ZO-1 and increases permeability in non-transformed human small intestinal epithelial monolayers: effects of epidermal growth factor. Parasitology 125:11–19.

63.Troeger H, Epple HJ, Schneider T, Wahnschaffe U, Ullrich R, Burchard GD, Jelinek T, Zeitz M, Fromm M, Schulzke JD. 2007. Effect of chronic Giardia lamblia infection o­n epithelial transport and barrier function in human duodenum. Gut 56:328–335.

64.Armelegos GJ. The viral superhighway. The Sciences. 1998; 24-29.

65.McCarthy J, Moore TA. Emerging helminth zoonoses. International Journal of Parasitology. 2000; 30:1351 –1360.

66.Chin J. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th Edn. Washington: APHA. 2000

67.Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF. Essentials of Tropical Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill-Livingstone, 2001

68.Goldsmid JM, Speare R, Bettiol S. The parasitology of foods. In: Hocking AD (Ed). Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance. 6th Edn. Waterloo: AIFST, 2003: pp 705 – 722. Sturchler D. Endemic Areas of Tropical Infections. Basle: Roche, 1988.

69.Mills A, Goldsmid JM. Intestinal protozoa. In: Doerr W, Siefert G. (Eds) Tropical Pathology. 2nd Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995: pp 477-556.

70.Stevenson WJ, Hughes KL. Synopsis of Zoonoses in Australia. 2nd Edn. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1988.

71.Wilks CR, Humble MW. Zoonoses in New Zealand. 2nd Edn. Palmerston North: Massey University, 1997.

72.Dawson, C.T. Anti-Brucella antibodies in pinnipeds of Australia. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 87 – 89.

73.Spratt, D.M. Neuroangiostrongyliasis - disease in wildlife and humans. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 63 – 64.

74.Krockenberger, M., Stalder, K., Malek, R. and Canfield, P. Cryptococcosis in Australian wildlife. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 69 -71.

75.Breed, A., Field, H. and Plowright, R. Violent viruses: a concern to bats, humans and other animals. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 59 – 62.

76.Skerratt, L.F. Sarcoptes scabiei: an important exotic pathogen of wombats. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 79 – 81.

77.Middleton, D. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and the food chain In: Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance. 6th Edn. Hocking, A.(Ed.). Waterloo. AIFST. pp 635 – 640.

78.Vilkins, I-M, Old, J. and Deare, E. The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases o­n native animal species in Australia. Microbiology Australia. 2005; 26: 76 - 78.

79.Graves S. Rickettsial diseases: An Australian perspective. Annals ACTM. 2004; 5; 17-22.

80.Unsworth NB et al. Not o­nly Flinders Island Spotted Fever. Pathology. 2005; 37; 242 – 245.

81.Hide G. The origins of sleeping sickness epidemics. Biologist. 2003; 50: 268 - 273.

82.Maudlin I, Holmes P, Miles MA. The Trypanosomes. Wallingford: ABI, 2004.

83.Hoare CA. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972.

84.Dubey, J.P. Duration of immunity to shedding of Toxoplasma gondii cysts by cats. Journal of Parasitology. 1995; 81: 410 - 415.

85.Macpherson CNL, Craig PS. (Eds.) Parasitic Helminths and Zoonoses in Africa. Boston:

86.Prucca CG, Rivero FD, Lujan HD. 2011. Regulation of antigenic variation in Giardia lamblia. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 65:611–630.

87.Cotton JA, Beatty JK, Buret AG. 2011. Host parasite interactions and pathophysiology in Giardia infections. Int. J. Parasitol. 41:925–933.

88.Roxstrom-Lindquist K, Palm D, Reiner D, Ringqvist E, Svard SG. 2006. Giardia immunity: An update. Trends Parasitol. 22:26–31.

89.Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Singer SM. 2010. Giardia duodenalis: the double-edged sword of immune responses in giardiasis. Exp. Parasitol. 126:292–297.

90.Yoder JS, Hlavsa MC, Craun GF, Hill V, Roberts V, Yu PA, Hicks LA, Alexander NT, Calderon RL, Roy SL, Beach MJ. 2008. Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water use and other aquatic facility-associated health events - United States, 2005-2006. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 57:1–29.

91.Daly ER, Roy SJ, Blaney DD, Manning JS, Hill VR, Xiao L, Stull JW. 2010. Outbreak of giardiasis associated with a community drinking-water source. Epidemiol. Infect. 138:491–500.

92.Yoder J, Roberts V, Craun GF, Hill V, Hicks LA, Alexander NT, Radke V, Calderon RL, Hlavsa MC, Beach MJ, Roy SL. 2008. Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with drinking water and water not intended for drinking -United States, 2005-2006. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 57:39–62.

93.Brunkard JM, Ailes E, Roberts VA, Hill V, Hilborn ED, Craun GF, Rajasingham A, Kahler A, Garrison L, Hicks L, Carpenter J, Wade TJ, Beach MJ, Yoder JS. 2011. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water—United States, 2007-2008. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 60:38–68.

94.Craun GF, Brunkard JM, Yoder JS, Roberts VA, Carpenter J, Wade T, Calderon RL, Roberts JM, Beach MJ, Roy SL. 2010. Causes of outbreaks associated with drinking water in the United States from 1971 to 2006. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23:507–528.

95.Goncalves AL, Belizario TL, Pimentel JB, Penatti MP, Pedroso RS . 2011. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in preschool children in the region of Uberlandia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 44:191–193.

96.Matos SM, Assis AM, Prado MS, Strina A, Santos LA, Jesus SR, Barreto ML. 2008. Giardia duodenalis infection and anthropometric status in preschoolers in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Cad. Saude Publica 24:1527–1535.

97.de Souza EA, da Silva-Nunes M, Malafronte RS, Muniz PT, Cardoso MA, Ferreira MU 2007. Prevalence and spatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural Amazonian settlement, Acre State, Brazil. Cad. Saude Publica 23:427–434.

98.Molina N, Minvielle M, Grenovero S, Salomon C, Basualdo J. 2011. High prevalences of infection with Giardia intestinalis genotype B among children in urban and rural areas of Argentina. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 105:299–309.

99.Laishram S, Kang G, Ajjampur SS. 2012. Giardiasis: a review o­n assemblage distribution and epidemiology in India. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 31:3–12.

100.Dib HH, Lu SQ, Wen SF. 2008. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia with or without diarrhea in South East, South East Asia and the Far East. Parasitol. Res. 103:239–251.

101.Tangtrongsup S, Scorza V. 2010. Update o­n the diagnosis and management of Giardia spp infections in dogs and cats. Top. Companion Anim. Med. 25:15

102.Mark-Carew MP, Wade SE, Chang YF, Schaaf S, Mohammed HO. 2012. Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages among dairy herds in the New York City watershed. Vet. Parasitol. 185:151–157.

103.Feng Y, Ortega Y, Cama V, Terrel J, Xiao L. 2008. High intragenotypic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle o­n three farms. Parasitol. Res. 103:87–92.

104.Geurden T, Thomas P, Casaert S, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. 2008. Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in lambs and goat kids in Belgium. Vet. Parasitol. 155:142–145.

105.Santin M, Dargatz D, Fayer R. 2012. Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in weaned cattle o­n cow-calf operations in the United States. Vet. Parasitol. 183:231–236.

106.Stuart JM, Orr HJ, Warburton FG, Jeyakanth S, Pugh C, Morris I, Sarangi J, Nichols G. 2003. Risk factors for sporadic giardiasis: a case-control study in southwestern England. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:229–233.

107.Welch TP. 2000. Risk of giardiasis from consumption of wilderness water in North America: a systematic review of epidemiologic data. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 4:100–103.

108.Hoque ME, Hope VT, Kjellstrom T, Scragg R, Lay-Yee R. 2002. Risk of giardiasis in Aucklanders: a case-control study. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 6:191–197.

109.Coles CL, Levy A, Dagan R, Deckelbaum RJ, Fraser D. 2009. Risk factors for the initial symptomatic Giardia infection in a cohort of young Arab-Bedouin children. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 29:291–300.

110.Novotny TE, Hopkins RS, Shillam P, Janoff EN. 1990. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia and risk factors for infection among children attending day-care facilities in Denver. Public Health Rep. 105:72–75.

111.Hlavsa MC, Roberts VA, Anderson AR, Hill VR, Kahler AM, Orr M, Garrison LE, Hicks LA, Newton A, Hilborn ED, Wade TJ, Beach MJ, Yoder JS. 2011. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational water -United States, 2007-2008. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 60:1–32.

112.Julio C, Vilares A, Oleastro M, Ferreira I, Gomes S, Monteiro L, Nunes B, Tenreiro R, Angelo H. 2012. Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia duodenalis infection among children: a case study in Portugal. Parasit. Vectors 5:22. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-22.

113.Moreira ED Jr, Nassri VB, Santos RS, Matos JF, de Carvalho WA, Silvani CS, Santana e Sant'ana C. 2005. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and giardiasis: results from a study of surrogate markers for fecal exposure among children. World J. Gastroenterol. 11:2759–2763.

114.Center for Food Safety and Public Health. 1 May 2005, posting date. Giardiasis technical fact sheet. Iowa State University, Ames, IA. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu.

115.Babes V. 1888. Sur l'hémoglobinurie bactérienne duboeuf. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 107:692–694.

116.Uilenberg G. 2006. Babesia—a historical overview. Vet. Parasitol. 138:3–10.

117.Gohil S, Kats LM, Sturm A, Cooke BM. 2010. Recent insights into alteration of red blood cells by Babesia bovis: moovin' forward. Trends Parasitol. 26:591–599.

118.Gray J, Zintl A, Hildebrandt A, Hunfeld KP, Weiss L. 2010. Zoonotic babesiosis: overview of the disease and novel aspects of pathogen identity. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 1:3–10.

119.Johnson ST, Cable RG, Tonnetti L, Spencer B, Rios J, Leiby DA. 2009. Seroprevalence of Babesia microti in blood donors from Babesia-endemic areas of the northeastern United States: 2000 through 2007. Transfusion 49:2574–2582.

120.Magnarelli LA, Stafford KC III, Ijdo JW, Fikrig E. 2006. Antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti in white-footed mice. J. Wildl. Dis. 42:732–738.

121.Leiby DA, Chung AP, Gill JE, Houghton RL, Persing DH, Badon S, Cable RG. 2005. Demonstrable parasitemia among Connecticut blood donors with antibodies to Babesia microti. Transfusion 45:1804–1810.

122.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Babesiosis surveillance - 18 states, 2011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 61:505–509.

123.Quick RE, Herwaldt BL, Thomford JW, Garnett ME, Eberhard ML, Wilson M, Spach DH, Dickerson JW, Telford SR III, Steingart KR, Pollock R, Persing DH, Kobayashi JM, Juranek DD, Conrad PA. 1993. Babesiosis in Washington State: a new species of Babesia? Ann. Intern. Med. 119:284–290.

124.Kjemtrup AM, Lee B, Fritz CL, Evans C, Chervenak M, Conrad PA. 2002. Investigation of transfusion transmission of a WA1-type babesial parasite to a premature infant in California. Transfusion 42:1482–1487.

125.Herwaldt BL, Kjemtrup AM, Conrad PA, Barnes RC, Wilson M, McCarthy MG, Sayers MH, Eberhard ML. 1997. Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in Washington State: first reported case caused by a WA1-type parasite. J. Infect. Dis. 175:1259–1262.

126.Prince HE, Lape-Nixon M, Patel H, Yeh C. 2010. Comparison of the Babesia duncani (WA1) IgG detection rates among clinical sera submitted to a reference laboratory for WA1 IgG testing and blood donor specimens from diverse geographic areas of the United States. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17:1729–1733.

127.Bloch EM, Herwaldt BL, Leiby DA, Shaieb A, Herron RM, Chervenak M, Reed W, Hunter R, Ryals R, Hagar W, Xayavong MV, Slemenda SB, Pieniazek NJ, Wilkins PP, Kjemtrup AM. 2012. The third described case of transfusion-transmitted Babesia duncani. Transfusion 52:1517–1522.

128.Persing DH, Herwaldt BL, Glaser C, Lane RS, Thomford JW, Mathiesen D, Krause PJ, Phillip DF, Conrad PA. 1995. Infection with a Babesia-like organism in northern California. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:298–303.

129.Herwaldt B, Persing DH, Precigout EA, Goff WL, Mathiesen DA, Taylor PW, Eberhard ML, Gorenflot AF. 1996. A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans. Ann. Intern. Med. 124:643–650.

130.Herwaldt BL, de Bruyn G, Pieniazek NJ, Homer M, Lofy KH, Slemenda SB, Fritsche TR, Persing DH, Limaye AP. 2004. Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10:622–629.

131.Beattie JF, Michelson ML, Holman PJ. 2002. Acute babesiosis caused by Babesia divergens in a resident of Kentucky. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:697–698.

132.Yabsley MJ, Romines J, Nettles VF. 2006. Detection of Babesia and Anaplasma species in rabbits from Texas and Georgia, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 6:7–13.

133.Yamane I, Gardner IA, Ryan CP, Levy M, Urrico J, Conrad PA. 1994. Serosurvey of Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, and Erlichia canis in pound dogs in California, USA. Prev. Vet. Med. 18:293–304.

134.Hasle G, Bjune GA, Christensson D, Roed KH, Whist AC, Leinaas HP. 2010. Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera. Acta Vet. Scand. 52:55. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-52-55.

135.Lempereur L, Lebrun M, Cuvelier P, Sepult G, Caron Y, Saegerman C, Shiels B, Losson B. 2012. Longitudinal field study o­n bovine Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections during a grazing season in Belgium. Parasitol. Res. 110:1525–1530.

136.Devos J, Geysen D. 2004. Epidemiological study of the prevalence of Babesia divergens in a veterinary practice in the mid-east of France. Vet. Parasitol. 125:237–249.

137.Tampieri MP, Galuppi R, Bonoli C, Cancrini G, Moretti A, Pietrobelli M. 2008. Wild ungulates as Babesia hosts in northern and central Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 8:667–674.

138.Cassini R, Marcer F, di Regalbono AF, Cancrini G, Gabrielli S, Moretti A, Galuppi R, Tampieri MP, Pietrobelli M. 2012. New insights into the epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy. Vet. Parasitol. 184:77–82.

139.Hunfeld KP, Lambert A, Kampen H, Albert S, Epe C, Brade V, Tenter AM. 2002. Seroprevalence of Babesia infections in humans exposed to ticks in midwestern Germany. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2431–2436.

140.Maamun JM, Suleman MA, Akinyi M, Ozwara H, Kariuki T, Carlsson HE. 2011. Prevalence of Babesia microti in free-ranging baboons and African green monkeys. J. Parasitol. 97:63–67.

141.Bonnet S, Jouglin M, L'Hostis M, Chauvin A. 2007. Babesia sp. EU1 from roe deer and transmission within Ixodes ricinus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13:1208–1210.

142.Duh D, Petrovec M, Avsic-Zupanc T. 2005. Molecular characterization of human pathogen Babesia EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Slovenia. J. Parasitol. 91:463–465.

143.Herwaldt BL, Caccio S, Gherlinzoni F, Aspock H, Slemenda SB, Piccaluga P, Martinelli G, Edelhofer R, Hollenstein U, Poletti G, Pampiglione S, Loschenberger K, Tura S, Pieniazek NJ. 2003. Molecular characterization of a non-Babesia divergens organism causing zoonotic babesiosis in Europe. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:942–948.

144.Haselbarth K, Tenter AM, Brade V, Krieger G, Hunfeld KP. 2007. First case of human babesiosis in Germany—clinical presentation and molecular characterisation of the pathogen. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 297:197–204.

145.Centeno-Lima S, do Rosario V, Parreira R, Maia AJ, Freudenthal AM, Nijhof AM, Jongejan F. 2003. A fatal case of human babesiosis in Portugal: molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Trop. Med. Int. Health 8:760–764.

146.Calvo de Mora A, Garcia Castellano JM, Herrera C, Jimenez-Alonso J. 1985. Human babesiosis: report of a case with fatal outcome. Med. Clin. (Barc.) 85:515–516. (In Spanish.)

147.Gorenflot A, Moubri K, Precigout E, Carcy B, Schetters TP. 1998. Human babesiosis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 92:489–501.

148.Terkawi MA, Thekisoe OM, Katsande C, Latif AA, Mans BJ, Matthee O, Mkize N, Mabogoane N, Marais F, Yokoyama N, Xuan X, Igarashi I. 2011. Serological survey of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in South Africa. Vet. Parasitol. 182:337–342.

149.Iseki H, Zhou L, Kim C, Inpankaew T, Sununta C, Yokoyama N, Xuan X, Jittapalapong S, Igarashi I . 2010. Seroprevalence of Babesia infections of dairy cows in northern Thailand. Vet. Parasitol. 170:193–196.

150.Silva MG, Henriques G, Sanchez C, Marques PX, Suarez CE, Oliva A. 2009. First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods. Vet. Parasitol. 166:66–72.

151.Urdaz-Rodriguez JH, Fosgate GT, Waghela SD, Alleman AR, Rae DO, Donovan GA, Melendez P. 2009. Seroprevalence estimation and management factors associated with high herd seropositivity for Babesia bovis in commercial dairy farms of Puerto Rico. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 41:1465–1473.

152.Barros SL, Madruga CR, Araujo FR, Menk CF, de Almeida MA, Melo EP, Kessler RH. 2005. Serological survey of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle from the semi-arid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 100:513–517.

153.Cassini R, Zanutto S, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Gabrielli S, Calderini P, Moretti A, Tampieri MP, Pietrobelli M. 2009. Canine piroplasmosis in Italy: epidemiological aspects in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Vet. Parasitol. 165:30–35.

154.Beck R, Vojta L, Mrljak V, Marinculic A, Beck A, Zivicnjak T, Caccio SM. 2009. Diversity of Babesia and Theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in Croatia. Int. J. Parasitol. 39:843–848.

155.Bourdoiseau G. 2006. Canine babesiosis in France. Vet. Parasitol. 138:118–125.

156.Wudhikarn K, Perry EH, Kemperman M, Jensen KA, Kline SE. 2011. Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report and review. Am. J. Med. 124:800–805.

157.Jasmer DP, Reduker DW, Hines SA, Perryman LE, McGuire TC. 1992. Surface epitope localization and gene structure of a Babesia bovis 44-kilodalton variable merozoite surface antigen. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 55:75–83.

158.Florin-Christensen M, Suarez CE, Hines SA, Palmer GH, Brown WC, McElwain TF. 2002. The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 locus contains four tandemly arranged and expressed genes encoding immunologically distinct proteins. Infect. Immun. 70:3566–3575.

159.Mosqueda J, McElwain TF, Palmer GH. 2002. Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed o­n the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes. Infect. Immun. 70:6448–6455.

160.Mosqueda J, McElwain TF, Stiller D, Palmer GH. 2002. Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes. Infect. Immun. 70:1599–1603.

161.Moro MH, David CS, Magera JM, Wettstein PJ, Barthold SW, Persing DH. 1998. Differential effects of infection with a Babesia-like piroplasm, WA1, in inbred mice. Infect. Immun. 66:492–498.

162.Li Y, Terkawi MA, Nishikawa Y, Aboge GO, Luo Y, Ooka H, Goo YK, Yu L, Cao S, Sun Y, Yamagishi J, Masatani T, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Xuan X. 2012. Macrophages are critical for cross-protective immunity conferred by Babesia microti against Babesia rodhaini infection in mice. Infect. Immun. 80:311–320.

163.Goff WL, Johnson WC, Parish SM, Barrington GM, Tuo W, Valdez RA. 2001. The age-related immunity in cattle to Babesia bovis infection involves the rapid induction of interleukin-12, interferon-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the spleen. Parasite Immunol. 23:463–471.

164.Leiby DA. 2011. Transfusion-transmitted Babesia spp.: bull's-eye o­n Babesia microti. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24:14–28.

165.M'Fadyean J, Schein E. 1911. A new species of piroplasm found in the blood of British cattle. J. Comp. Pathol. 24:340–354.

166.Garnham PCC, Bray RS. 1959. The susceptibility of the higher primates to piroplasms. J. Protozool. 6:352–355.

167.Garnham PCC, Voller A. 1965. Experimental studies o­n Babesia divergens in rhesus monkeys with special reference to its diagnosis by serologic methods. Acta Protozool. 3:183–187.

168.Lewis D, Williams H. 1979. Infection of the Mongolian gerbil with the cattle piroplasm Babesia divergens. Nature 278:170–171.

169.Lewis D, Young ER, Baggott DG, Osborn GD. 1981. Babesia divergens infection of the Mongolian gerbil: titration of infective dose and preliminary observations o­n the disease produced. J. Comp. Pathol. 91:565–572.

170.Homer MJ, Aguilar-Delfin I, Telford SR III, Krause PJ, Persing DH. 2000. Babesiosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13:451–469.

171.Zintl A, Mulcahy G, Skerrett HE, Taylor SM, Gray JS. 2003. Babesia divergens, a bovine blood parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16:622–636.

172.Martinot M, Zadeh MM, Hansmann Y, Grawey I, Christmann D, Aguillon S, Jouglin M, Chauvin A, De Briel D. 2011. Babesiosis in immunocompetent patients, Europe. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17:114–116.

173.Unfeld KP, Allwinn R, Peters S, Kraiczy P, Brade V. 1998. Serologic evidence for tick-borne pathogens other than Borrelia burgdorferi (TOBB) in Lyme borreliosis patients from midwestern Germany. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 110:901–908.

174.Bastian S, Jouglin M, Brisseau N, Malandrin L, Klegou G, L'Hostis M, Chauvin A. 2012. Antibody prevalence and molecular identification of Babesia spp. in roe deer in France. J. Wildl. Dis. 48:416–424.

175.Goethert HK, Telford SR III. 2003. Enzootic transmission of Babesia divergens among cottontail rabbits o­n Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 69:455–460.

176.Kjemtrup AM, Thomford J, Robinson T, Conrad PA. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of human and wildlife piroplasm isolates in the western United States inferred from the 18S nuclear small subunit RNA gene. Parasitology 120(Part 5):487–493.

177.Conrad PA, Kjemtrup AM, Carreno RA, Thomford J, Wainwright K, Eberhard M, Quick R, Telford SR III, Herwaldt BL. 2006. Description of Babesia duncani n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Int. J. Parasitol. 36:779–789.

178.Kjemtrup AM, Wainwright K, Miller M, Penzhorn BL, Carreno RA. 2006. Babesia conradae, sp. nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California. Vet. Parasitol. 138:103–111.

179.Herwaldt BL, Linden JV, Bosserman E, Young C, Olkowska D, Wilson M. 2011. Transfusion-associated babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases. Ann. Intern. Med. 155:509–519.

180.Sethi S, Alcid D, Kesarwala H, Tolan RW Jr. 2009. Probable congenital babesiosis in infant, New Jersey, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15:788–791.

181.Aderinboye O, Syed SS. 2010. Congenital babesiosis in a four-week-old female infant. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 29:188. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181c36eb9.

182.Joseph JT, Purtill K, Wong SJ, Munoz J, Teal A, Madison-Antenucci S, Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Moore JM, Abramowsky C, Wormser GP. 2012. Vertical transmission of Babesia microti, United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18:1318–1321.

183.New DL, Quinn JB, Qureshi MZ, Sigler SJ. 1997. Vertically transmitted babesiosis. J. Pediatr. 131:163–164.

184.Esernio-Jenssen D, Scimeca PG, Benach JL, Tenenbaum MJ. 1987. Transplacental/perinatal babesiosis. J. Pediatr. 110:570–572.

185.Grabowski EF, Giardina PJ, Goldberg D, Masur H, Read SE, Hirsch RL, Benach JL . 1982. Babesiosis transmitted by a transfusion of frozen-thawed blood. Ann. Intern. Med. 96:466–467.

186.Yabsley MJ, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Varela AS, Swift PK, Devos JC Jr, Dubay SA. 2005. Evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from the western United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 5:351–362.

187.Chagas C. 1909. Nova tripanosomiaze humana. Estudos sobre morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n.g., n. sp., ajente etiologico de nova entidade morbida do homen. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1:159–218.

188.World Health Organization. 2008. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.

189.Teixeira AR, Hecht MM, Guimaro MC, Sousa AO, Nitz N. 2011. Pathogenesis of Chagas' disease: parasite persistence and autoimmunity. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24:592–630.

190.Padilla AM, Bustamante JM, Tarleton RL. 2009. CD8+ T cells in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21:385–390.

191.Caradonna KL, Burleigh BA. 2011. Mechanisms of host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. Adv. Parasitol. 76:33–61.

192.El-Sayed NM, Myler PJ, Bartholomeu DC, Nilsson D, Aggarwal G, Tran AN, Ghedin E, Worthey EA, Delcher AL, Blandin G, Westenberger SJ, Caler E, Cerqueira GC, Branche C, Haas B, Anupama A, Arner E, Aslund L, Attipoe P, Bontempi E, Bringaud F, Burton P, Cadag E, Campbell DA, Carrington M, Crabtree J, Darban H, DA Silveira JF, de Jong P, Edwards K, Englund PT, Fazelina G, Feldblyum T, Ferella M, Frasch AC, Gull K, Horn D, Hou L, Huang Y, Kindlund E, Klingbeil M, Kluge S, Koo H, Lacerda D, Levin MJ, Lorenzi H, Louie T, Machado CR, McCulloch R, McKenna A, Mizuno Y, Mottram JC, Nelson S, . 2005. The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Science 309:409–415.

193.Padilla AM, Simpson LJ, Tarleton RL. 2009. Insufficient TLR activation contributes to the slow development of CD8+ T cell responses in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J. Immunol. 183:1245–1252.

194.Nagajyothi F, Weiss LM, Silver DL, Desruisseaux MS, Scherer PE, Herz J, Tanowitz HB. 2011. Trypanosoma cruzi utilizes the host low density lipoprotein receptor in invasion. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5:e953. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000953.

195.Woolsey AM, Sunwoo L, Petersen CA, Brachmann SM, Cantley LC, Burleigh BA. 2003. Novel PI 3-kinase-dependent mechanisms of trypanosome invasion and vacuole maturation. J. Cell Sci. 116:3611–3622.

196.Ley V, Robbins ES, Nussenzweig V, Andrews NW. 1990. The exit of Trypanosoma cruzi from the phagosome is inhibited by raising the pH of acidic compartments. J. Exp. Med. 171:401–413.

197.Andrews NW, Whitlow MB. 1989. Secretion by Trypanosoma cruzi of a hemolysin active at low pH. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 33:249–256.

198.Hall BF, Webster P, Ma AK, Joiner KA, Andrews NW. 1992. Desialylation of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins by Trypanosoma cruzi: a role for the surface neuraminidase in facilitating parasite entry into the host cell cytoplasm. J. Exp. Med. 176:313–325.

199.Andrade LO, Andrews NW. 2004. Lysosomal fusion is essential for the retention of Trypanosoma cruzi inside host cells. J. Exp. Med. 200:1135–1143.

200.Campos MA, Almeida IC, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Valente EP, Procopio DO, Travassos LR, Smith JA, Golenbock DT, Gazzinelli RT. 2001. Activation of Toll-like receptor-2 by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors from a protozoan parasite. J. Immunol. 167:416–423.

Các nội dung khác »

---

• Cập nhật nghiên cứu về bệnh do sán dải chó (echinococcosis) ở người trên thế giới và Việt Nam (Phần 4) (31/01/2024)
• Cập nhật nghiên cứu về bệnh do sán dải chó (echinococcosis) ở người trên thế giới và Việt Nam (Phần 3) (31/01/2024)
• Cập nhật nghiên cứu về bệnh do sán dải chó (echinococcosis) ở người trên thế giới và Việt Nam (Phần 2) (29/01/2024)
• Cập nhật nghiên cứu về bệnh do sán dải chó (echinococcosis) ở người trên thế giới và Việt Nam (Phần 1) (19/01/2024)
• Tuyển tập một số ấn phẩm liên quan đến bệnh lý ấu trùng sán dây lợn thể da - niêm mạc -cơ và thần kinh (25/08/2023)
• Phần 4:Cập nhật và tổng hợp y văn về lịch sử tiến hóa ký sinh trùng (21/06/2019)
• Phần 3:Cập nhật và tổng hợp y văn về lịch sử tiến hóa ký sinh trùng (20/06/2019)
• Phần 2: Cập nhật và tổng hợp y văn về lịch sử tiến hóa ký sinh trùng (18/06/2019)
• Phần 1:Cập nhật và tổng hợp y văn về lịch sử tiến hóa ký sinh trùng (15/06/2019)
• Phần 5: Cập nhật thông tin về nghiên cứu ấu trùng giun đũa chó mèo Toxocara spp. gây bệnh ở người (13/06/2019)
• Phần 4: Cập nhật thông tin về nghiên cứu ấu trùng giun đũa chó mèo Toxocara spp. gây bệnh ở người (11/06/2019)
• Phần 3: Cập nhật thông tin về nghiên cứu ấu trùng giun đũa chó mèo Toxocara spp. gây bệnh ở người (10/06/2019)
• Phần 2: Cập nhật một số nghiên cứu về hiều quả/hiệu lực của thuốc Thiabendazole trong điều trị một số bệnh do ký sinh trùng ở người (29/05/2019)
• Phần 1: Cập nhật một số nghiên cứu về hiều quả/hiệu lực của thuốc Thiabendazole trong điều trị một số bệnh do ký sinh trùng ở người (27/05/2019)
• Phần 5: Cập nhật một số nghiên cứu về bệnh ấu trùng giun lươn ở người (09/01/2019)